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<p>This study investigates the microstructural response and defect behavior of functionally graded Nb/Zr nanolaminates under proton and helium ion irradiation. Proton fluences ranged from 9.6 × 10<sup>16</sup> to 3.5 × 10<sup>17</sup> ions/cm<sup>2</sup>, and helium fluences from 3.4 × 10<sup>14</sup> to 6 × 10<sup>16</sup> ions/cm<sup>2</sup>. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirm the structural stability of the nanolaminate, with no phase transformations observed. Positron annihilation spectroscopy indicates that irradiation does not lead to significant bulk defect accumulation; defect-related changes remain weak and highly localized, with helium producing slightly stronger effects than protons. First-principles calculations show that irradiation-induced atomic displacements are smaller than lattice distortions from intrinsic strain and Nb/Zr interface misfit. Helium interstitials induce stronger local relaxation than hydrogen, though both effects are secondary to interfacial strain fields. These results demonstrate that functionally graded Nb/Zr nanolaminates effectively limit defect accumulation and preserve structural integrity under ion irradiation.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Microstructural and defect behavior in functionally graded Nb/Zr nanolaminates under irradiation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月19日

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  • Roman Laptev,
  • Dmitriy Krotkevich,
  • Anton Lomygin,
  • Ekaterina Stepanova,
  • Tatyana Murashkina,
  • Alexey Sidorin,
  • Oleg Orlov,
  • Rafael Isayev,
  • Mahmoud A. Ibrahim,
  • Alexander Doroshkevich,
  • Andrei Tereshchenko,
  • Daria Terenteva,
  • Sergey Ognev,
  • Leonid Svyatkin

摘要

This study investigates the microstructural response and defect behavior of functionally graded Nb/Zr nanolaminates under proton and helium ion irradiation. Proton fluences ranged from 9.6 × 1016 to 3.5 × 1017 ions/cm2, and helium fluences from 3.4 × 1014 to 6 × 1016 ions/cm2. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirm the structural stability of the nanolaminate, with no phase transformations observed. Positron annihilation spectroscopy indicates that irradiation does not lead to significant bulk defect accumulation; defect-related changes remain weak and highly localized, with helium producing slightly stronger effects than protons. First-principles calculations show that irradiation-induced atomic displacements are smaller than lattice distortions from intrinsic strain and Nb/Zr interface misfit. Helium interstitials induce stronger local relaxation than hydrogen, though both effects are secondary to interfacial strain fields. These results demonstrate that functionally graded Nb/Zr nanolaminates effectively limit defect accumulation and preserve structural integrity under ion irradiation.

Graphical abstract