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<p>In this work, microstructure evolution in friction stir-processed (FSP) AA6061 aluminium alloy was studied under different initial temper conditions (T6, O, W), and the age hardening behaviour in two different temperatures was investigated before and after FSP. Microstructural evolution pathway during FSP was found to differ in different tempers, leading to differences in grain refinement. FSP led to a significant increase in strength compared to the base metal (BM), however, the ductility was lower, and it reduced further upon over-ageing. The peak hardness was higher, and the peak ageing time was lower in the stir zone (SZ) at both the ageing temperatures (150&#xa0;°C and 170&#xa0;°C), with higher temperature yielding higher peak hardness. The precipitates were finer and more closely spaced in the SZ compared to the BM, resulting in higher strength in the SZ in peak-aged condition.</p> Graphic Abstract <p></p>

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Microstructure evolution and age hardening behaviour of AA6061 alloy subjected to friction stir processing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • M. S. Yugesh Raajha,
  • Ranjit Bauri,
  • V. M. Rajavel Muthaiah

摘要

In this work, microstructure evolution in friction stir-processed (FSP) AA6061 aluminium alloy was studied under different initial temper conditions (T6, O, W), and the age hardening behaviour in two different temperatures was investigated before and after FSP. Microstructural evolution pathway during FSP was found to differ in different tempers, leading to differences in grain refinement. FSP led to a significant increase in strength compared to the base metal (BM), however, the ductility was lower, and it reduced further upon over-ageing. The peak hardness was higher, and the peak ageing time was lower in the stir zone (SZ) at both the ageing temperatures (150 °C and 170 °C), with higher temperature yielding higher peak hardness. The precipitates were finer and more closely spaced in the SZ compared to the BM, resulting in higher strength in the SZ in peak-aged condition.

Graphic Abstract