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<p>This study focused on enhancement of ZnO nanoparticle properties by doping Fe<sup>3</sup>⁺ ions and co-doping with Ag nanoparticles (Ag co-doped Fe/ZnO) via sol–gel technique. XRD confirmed Fe<sup>3</sup>⁺ integration into ZnO wurtzite lattice, suppressing crystallinity, while Ag formed cubic structures on Fe/ZnO surfaces. Morphological analysis revealed homogeneous Ag nanoparticles (4–12 nm) distributed on agglomerated spherical Fe/ZnO. Optical analysis showed a narrowed band gap, shifting absorbance from UV (ZnO) to visible regions (Ag co-doped Fe/ZnO). Antimicrobial tests against&#xa0;<i>E. coli</i>&#xa0;demonstrated a three times larger inhibition zone for Ag co-doped Fe/ZnO compared to ZnO, which could be attributed to Ag distribution. Congo red photodegradation efficiency reached 99% for Ag co-doped Fe/ZnO versus 36% for ZnO, linked to enhanced generation of <sup>•</sup>O₂¯ and <sup>•</sup>OH radicals. The synergistic effects of Fe<sup>3</sup>⁺ doping and Ag co-doping significantly boosted photocatalytic and antibacterial performance making it as a promising composite for environmental and biomedical applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Ag co-doped Fe/ZnO nanoparticles for efficient photocatalytic degradation of Congo red under solar light

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Muneer M. Ba-Abbad,
  • Abdelbaki Benamor,
  • Hafiz Muhammad Uzair Ayub,
  • Law Yong Ng,
  • Ching Yin Ng,
  • Sri Rizki Putri Primandari,
  • Mohd S. Takriff,
  • Abdul Wahab Mohammad

摘要

This study focused on enhancement of ZnO nanoparticle properties by doping Fe3⁺ ions and co-doping with Ag nanoparticles (Ag co-doped Fe/ZnO) via sol–gel technique. XRD confirmed Fe3⁺ integration into ZnO wurtzite lattice, suppressing crystallinity, while Ag formed cubic structures on Fe/ZnO surfaces. Morphological analysis revealed homogeneous Ag nanoparticles (4–12 nm) distributed on agglomerated spherical Fe/ZnO. Optical analysis showed a narrowed band gap, shifting absorbance from UV (ZnO) to visible regions (Ag co-doped Fe/ZnO). Antimicrobial tests against E. coli demonstrated a three times larger inhibition zone for Ag co-doped Fe/ZnO compared to ZnO, which could be attributed to Ag distribution. Congo red photodegradation efficiency reached 99% for Ag co-doped Fe/ZnO versus 36% for ZnO, linked to enhanced generation of •O₂¯ and •OH radicals. The synergistic effects of Fe3⁺ doping and Ag co-doping significantly boosted photocatalytic and antibacterial performance making it as a promising composite for environmental and biomedical applications.

Graphical abstract