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<p>Eczema, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, leads to skin barrier dysfunction and itching. Betamethasone dipropionate is a key treatment, but its poor permeability and stability limit its effectiveness. This study aims to develop a bioengineered nanogel using Carbopol with betamethasone, cod liver oil (anti-inflammatory EPA/DHA), and coconut oil (moisturizing lauric acid) using the QbD approach. A pseudo-ternary diagram selected 5:1 Smix (Tween 80: PEG 400). Following QbD and CCRD assessment, 13 runs were generated, and the optimized nanoemulsion was prepared via spontaneous emulsification, had a particle size of 16.84 ± 9.91&#xa0;nm, PDI of 0.196 ± 0.003, and 97 ± 6.5% transmittance, and converted to gel using 1% Carbopol 934. <i>In vitro</i>, Betananogel showed 88.5% permeation and 80&#xa0;µm penetration depth versus 62.1% and 60&#xa0;µm for the marketed formulation. Histopathological studies confirmed biocompatibility. With improved permeability and synergistic effect of oils, the developed betamethasone formulation offers greater potential for eczema treatment.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Quality by design optimized bioengineered nanogel using carbopol polymer for enhanced topical delivery of betamethasone in eczema therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Saurabh Mittal,
  • Shivam Pathak,
  • Rupali Verma,
  • Naman Batra,
  • Sanjula Baboota

摘要

Eczema, a chronic inflammatory skin condition, leads to skin barrier dysfunction and itching. Betamethasone dipropionate is a key treatment, but its poor permeability and stability limit its effectiveness. This study aims to develop a bioengineered nanogel using Carbopol with betamethasone, cod liver oil (anti-inflammatory EPA/DHA), and coconut oil (moisturizing lauric acid) using the QbD approach. A pseudo-ternary diagram selected 5:1 Smix (Tween 80: PEG 400). Following QbD and CCRD assessment, 13 runs were generated, and the optimized nanoemulsion was prepared via spontaneous emulsification, had a particle size of 16.84 ± 9.91 nm, PDI of 0.196 ± 0.003, and 97 ± 6.5% transmittance, and converted to gel using 1% Carbopol 934. In vitro, Betananogel showed 88.5% permeation and 80 µm penetration depth versus 62.1% and 60 µm for the marketed formulation. Histopathological studies confirmed biocompatibility. With improved permeability and synergistic effect of oils, the developed betamethasone formulation offers greater potential for eczema treatment.

Graphical abstract