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<p>This study examines the impact of firing conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of a bio-composite material composed of eggshell powder and kaolin. Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the thermal decomposition and microstructure of the materials. Mechanical properties, including compressive and flexural strengths, strain, and shrinkage, were optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design. A quadratic model was developed to predict these properties based on firing time, temperature, and eggshell powder content. Results showed that these parameters significantly impact the composite’s properties. Optimal conditions were found to be 5% eggshell powder, 1050&#xa0;°C firing temperature, and 2&#xa0;h firing time, yielding 4.47&#xa0;MPa compressive strength, 3.345&#xa0;MPa flexural strength, and 8.97% shrinkage. These findings are crucial for improving the material’s performance and manufacturing processes.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Physico-mechanical properties of fired kaolin/eggshell powder bio-ceramic material: A systematic experimental design approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月30日

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  • Yosra Hfaiedh,
  • Houda Hachem,
  • Daoued Mihoubi

摘要

This study examines the impact of firing conditions on the physical and mechanical properties of a bio-composite material composed of eggshell powder and kaolin. Thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the thermal decomposition and microstructure of the materials. Mechanical properties, including compressive and flexural strengths, strain, and shrinkage, were optimized using the Box-Behnken experimental design. A quadratic model was developed to predict these properties based on firing time, temperature, and eggshell powder content. Results showed that these parameters significantly impact the composite’s properties. Optimal conditions were found to be 5% eggshell powder, 1050 °C firing temperature, and 2 h firing time, yielding 4.47 MPa compressive strength, 3.345 MPa flexural strength, and 8.97% shrinkage. These findings are crucial for improving the material’s performance and manufacturing processes.

Graphical abstract