<p>In the field of phase change materials, microencapsulation has emerged as a prevalent encapsulation technique. However, phase change microcapsules with polymer shells typically exhibit weakened heat transfer efficiency between the core material and external environment. In this study, phase change microcapsules were prepared with a polyurethane/polyurea shell synthesized <i>via</i> prepolymerization, chain extension, and crosslinking reactions, while methyl stearate (MS) as the core material. Meanwhile, reducing graphene oxide prepared by the chemical reduction method was introduced through hydrophobic interaction forces to achieve functional modification of phase change microcapsules. The results show that the design of this structure achieves a high energy storage density and demonstrates excellent thermal stability and thermal cycling stability. Additionally, this material also exhibits enhanced thermal conductivity and photothermal conversion efficiency. In conclusion, this modified phase change microcapsules show promising potential for applications in solar energy storage, battery thermal management, and building temperature regulation.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>