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<p>Tungsten trioxide (WO<sub>3</sub>)-based gas sensors are promising candidates for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection, but they suffer from limitations such as baseline drift and poor stability at room temperature. To address these issues, WO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposites were synthesized using the hydrothermal technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed the presence of monoclinic WO<sub>3</sub> and anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> with strong interfacial coupling, forming nanoscale heterojunctions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence, Raman, and FTIR analyses verified heterojunction formation and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance revealed band gap variations between 2.85 and 3.15&#xa0;eV. The 80%WO<sub>3</sub>/20%TiO<sub>2</sub> composite showed excellent formaldehyde gas sensing performance at room temperature, with a high response of 172 to 51&#xa0;ppm, a detection limit of 5&#xa0;ppm, and response/recovery times of 36 and 11&#xa0;s, respectively. Baseline drift was less than 15%. The enhanced sensing properties are attributed to efficient charge separation at the WO<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> interface, demonstrating strong potential for VOC sensing applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Enhanced room temperature formaldehyde gas sensing properties of hydrothermally synthesized WO3/TiO2 hetero-nanostructures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月18日

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  • Vishakha Zimba,
  • N. Meghana,
  • Jhasaketan Nayak

摘要

Tungsten trioxide (WO3)-based gas sensors are promising candidates for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) detection, but they suffer from limitations such as baseline drift and poor stability at room temperature. To address these issues, WO3/TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized using the hydrothermal technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) confirmed the presence of monoclinic WO3 and anatase TiO2 with strong interfacial coupling, forming nanoscale heterojunctions. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence, Raman, and FTIR analyses verified heterojunction formation and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance revealed band gap variations between 2.85 and 3.15 eV. The 80%WO3/20%TiO2 composite showed excellent formaldehyde gas sensing performance at room temperature, with a high response of 172 to 51 ppm, a detection limit of 5 ppm, and response/recovery times of 36 and 11 s, respectively. Baseline drift was less than 15%. The enhanced sensing properties are attributed to efficient charge separation at the WO3/TiO2 interface, demonstrating strong potential for VOC sensing applications.

Graphical abstract