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<p>In this study, a staggered-type heterojunction photocatalyst (g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/C–N-doped TiO<sub>2</sub>) was synthesized by preparing g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> via the polycondensation technique and C, N-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (C–N–TiO<sub>2</sub>) through sol–gel approach, followed by heterojunction formation using the photo-anchoring method. The photocatalyst was then systematically characterized for photocatalytic hydrogen production. High-resolution XPS analysis of C 1<i>s</i> and N 1<i>s</i> confirmed the incorporation of carbon and nitrogen dopants into the TiO<sub>2</sub> lattice, as evidenced by peaks at 282.6&#xa0;eV and 396.9&#xa0;eV, respectively. XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, XPS, Mott-Schottky, and Kelvin probe microscopy analysis verified successful integration of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and C–N–TiO<sub>2</sub>, leading to enhanced charge separation and optimized band alignment. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution experiments demonstrated a substantial enhancement in H<sub>2</sub> production, with the g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/C–N–TiO<sub>2</sub> heterojunction achieving 726&#xa0;<i>µ</i>mol/g·h, significantly outperforming g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (366&#xa0;<i>µ</i>mol/g·h) and C–N–TiO<sub>2</sub> (294&#xa0;<i>µ</i>mol/g·h). Band alignment analysis confirmed the formation of a staggered-type heterojunction, which is known to effectively reduce charge recombination.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Staggered-type heterojunction between g-C3N4 and C–N-doped TiO2 for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月13日

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  • D. Salazar-Marín,
  • M. K. Kesarla,
  • Tathagata Kar,
  • D. De la Cruz Romero,
  • O. A. Jaramillo-Quintero,
  • J. G. Torres-Torres,
  • Agileo Hernández-Gordillo,
  • Sandra E. Rodil,
  • S. Godavarthi

摘要

In this study, a staggered-type heterojunction photocatalyst (g-C3N4/C–N-doped TiO2) was synthesized by preparing g-C3N4 via the polycondensation technique and C, N-doped TiO2 (C–N–TiO2) through sol–gel approach, followed by heterojunction formation using the photo-anchoring method. The photocatalyst was then systematically characterized for photocatalytic hydrogen production. High-resolution XPS analysis of C 1s and N 1s confirmed the incorporation of carbon and nitrogen dopants into the TiO2 lattice, as evidenced by peaks at 282.6 eV and 396.9 eV, respectively. XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, XPS, Mott-Schottky, and Kelvin probe microscopy analysis verified successful integration of g-C3N4 and C–N–TiO2, leading to enhanced charge separation and optimized band alignment. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution experiments demonstrated a substantial enhancement in H2 production, with the g-C3N4/C–N–TiO2 heterojunction achieving 726 µmol/g·h, significantly outperforming g-C3N4 (366 µmol/g·h) and C–N–TiO2 (294 µmol/g·h). Band alignment analysis confirmed the formation of a staggered-type heterojunction, which is known to effectively reduce charge recombination.

Graphical abstract