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<p>P2-type Na<sub>0.62</sub>Ca<sub>0.025</sub>Ni<sub>0.28</sub>Mg<sub>0.05</sub>Mn<sub>0.67</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathode materials were synthesized via a ball milling and spray-drying process. XRD, EDS, and XPS analyses confirmed the successful replacement of Na and Ni elements by calcium and magnesium, changing the crystal structure. The samples showed significant improvement in cycling stability and multiplicity performance, with their initial capacity of 105.3 mAhg<sup>−1</sup> at 1C in the high voltage range of 2.2–4.35&#xa0;V and capacity retention of 85.64% after 100 cycles. Specifically, the material demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance, achieving an initial specific capacity of 105.49 mAhg<sup>−1</sup> at 0.3C, with a retention rate of 90.47% after 100 cycles. The enhancement of phase transformation at high voltage due to Ca/Mg dual-doping was analyzed using ex situ XRD. Failure SEM and EDS analyses revealed that the introduction of Ca and Mg resulted in a more complete material structure during cycling.</p> Graphical abstract <p>The cell assembled with NaCNMM cathode material shows excellent electrochemical performance. Current densities at 1C and 0.3C have 85.64% and 90.47% retention at high operating voltages of 2.2–4.35&#xa0;V. This work provides a strategy to utilize the abundant alkaline earth elements to enhance the stability of P2-type Na<sub>0.67</sub>Ni<sub>0.33</sub>Mn<sub>0.67</sub>O<sub>2</sub> materials.</p> <p></p>

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Stable electrochemical properties of Ca/Mg dual-doping layered P2-Type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 cathode material for sodium ion batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月13日

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  • Rongkang Tan,
  • Li-ang Zhu,
  • Jingxiu Tian,
  • Hongshun Miao,
  • Yinghui Jiang,
  • Zhenhong Tian,
  • Xiangxin Li,
  • Yan Liu

摘要

P2-type Na0.62Ca0.025Ni0.28Mg0.05Mn0.67O2 cathode materials were synthesized via a ball milling and spray-drying process. XRD, EDS, and XPS analyses confirmed the successful replacement of Na and Ni elements by calcium and magnesium, changing the crystal structure. The samples showed significant improvement in cycling stability and multiplicity performance, with their initial capacity of 105.3 mAhg−1 at 1C in the high voltage range of 2.2–4.35 V and capacity retention of 85.64% after 100 cycles. Specifically, the material demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance, achieving an initial specific capacity of 105.49 mAhg−1 at 0.3C, with a retention rate of 90.47% after 100 cycles. The enhancement of phase transformation at high voltage due to Ca/Mg dual-doping was analyzed using ex situ XRD. Failure SEM and EDS analyses revealed that the introduction of Ca and Mg resulted in a more complete material structure during cycling.

Graphical abstract

The cell assembled with NaCNMM cathode material shows excellent electrochemical performance. Current densities at 1C and 0.3C have 85.64% and 90.47% retention at high operating voltages of 2.2–4.35 V. This work provides a strategy to utilize the abundant alkaline earth elements to enhance the stability of P2-type Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 materials.