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<p>Lithium anodes are key to next-generation batteries owing to their inherently high capacities. However, conventional thin Li-Cu foil anodes face challenges in terms of electrochemical performance, as well as poor bulk mechanical properties that hinder manufacturability. 3D current collectors (3DCCs) have been demonstrated to improve cycling performance&#xa0;by accommodating volume expansion and modifying local current densities, but they can also act as embedded reinforcement for Li foils. In this study, uniaxial tensile tests have been performed to characterize the mechanical behavior of pristine Li foils, bare 2D/3DCCs, Li-2DCC foils, and a host of Li-3DCC composite anodes. We find that Li-3DCC mesh anodes exhibit high strength and superior toughness, with strain-hardening capacity (ductility) up to four times that of Li-2DCCs. Complementary fractographic analyses, to qualitatively study bonding/delamination, reveal that the high strength–ductility combination is due to the inherent 3DCC mechanical characteristics and the 3D geometry which allows for intimate Li–CC bonding.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Mechanical performance of lithium metal anodes manufactured using two-dimensional and three-dimensional current collectors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月28日

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  • Diptak Bhattacharya,
  • Caleb W. Reese,
  • Andrew Bobel,
  • Yoojin Kim,
  • Joel Toner,
  • Sayed Youssef Sayed,
  • Anil K. Sachdev

摘要

Lithium anodes are key to next-generation batteries owing to their inherently high capacities. However, conventional thin Li-Cu foil anodes face challenges in terms of electrochemical performance, as well as poor bulk mechanical properties that hinder manufacturability. 3D current collectors (3DCCs) have been demonstrated to improve cycling performance by accommodating volume expansion and modifying local current densities, but they can also act as embedded reinforcement for Li foils. In this study, uniaxial tensile tests have been performed to characterize the mechanical behavior of pristine Li foils, bare 2D/3DCCs, Li-2DCC foils, and a host of Li-3DCC composite anodes. We find that Li-3DCC mesh anodes exhibit high strength and superior toughness, with strain-hardening capacity (ductility) up to four times that of Li-2DCCs. Complementary fractographic analyses, to qualitatively study bonding/delamination, reveal that the high strength–ductility combination is due to the inherent 3DCC mechanical characteristics and the 3D geometry which allows for intimate Li–CC bonding.

Graphical abstract