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<p>In this study, LiMn<sub>2-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (<i>x </i>= 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) spinel compounds with varying zinc doping levels were successfully synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state method. A comprehensive investigation using ICP, XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, electrochemical testing, and theoretical calculations revealed the effects of Zn doping on the material’s structure and performance. The results confirmed that Zn was effectively incorporated into the LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> lattice, enlarging the unit cell and reducing Mn<sup>3+</sup> content, which mitigated the Jahn–Teller effect. Among the doped samples, LiMn<sub>1.98</sub>Zn<sub>0.02</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (LMO-0.02Zn) exhibited the best electrochemical performance. It maintained a capacity retention of 85.01% after 300 cycles at 1C, with a specific capacity reaching 97.94 mAh·g<sup>−1</sup>. In contrast, the undoped LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> merely exhibited a capacity retention of 69.26%. DFT calculations indicated that Zn doping reduced the band gap, increased electron transition probability, and widened the Li<sup>+</sup> diffusion channels by elongating the Li–O bond.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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The improvement of electrochemical performance of spinel-type LiMn2O4 by zinc doping via solid-state method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月19日

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  • Jingyue Xu,
  • Zhen Li,
  • Yang You,
  • Shengwen Ou,
  • Lianghua Wang,
  • Mingliang Yuan

摘要

In this study, LiMn2-xZnxO4 (x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) spinel compounds with varying zinc doping levels were successfully synthesized via a high-temperature solid-state method. A comprehensive investigation using ICP, XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, electrochemical testing, and theoretical calculations revealed the effects of Zn doping on the material’s structure and performance. The results confirmed that Zn was effectively incorporated into the LiMn2O4 lattice, enlarging the unit cell and reducing Mn3+ content, which mitigated the Jahn–Teller effect. Among the doped samples, LiMn1.98Zn0.02O4 (LMO-0.02Zn) exhibited the best electrochemical performance. It maintained a capacity retention of 85.01% after 300 cycles at 1C, with a specific capacity reaching 97.94 mAh·g−1. In contrast, the undoped LiMn2O4 merely exhibited a capacity retention of 69.26%. DFT calculations indicated that Zn doping reduced the band gap, increased electron transition probability, and widened the Li+ diffusion channels by elongating the Li–O bond.

Graphical Abstract