<p>Ceramic particles in particle-reinforced metal matrix composites (PRMMCs) often cause significant stress concentration and load transfer behaviors under loading. In this study, various finite element models were developed to investigate the effects of particle shape, orientation, and content on stress concentration and load transfer behaviors, as well as their evolution mechanisms during loading. The simulation results revealed that particle shape and orientation significantly influence load transfer behavior between the matrix and particles. Additionally, the evolution patterns of stress concentration factors for particles and the matrix were found to be opposite to each other. Moreover, load transfer behaviors changed notably at different loading stages, with approximately 78% of the matrix undergoing plastic deformation as the composite entered the elastic–plastic transition stage. This work provides direct insights into the evolution mechanisms of stress concentration and load transfer behaviors in PRMMCs.</p> Graphical abstract <p>Uneven distribution of stresses within PRMMCs.</p>