Investigating the structural, electrical, and magnetic characteristics of Nd-doped BiFeO₃ synthesized via the solid-state reaction method

In present work polycrystalline Bi_1−xNd_xFeO₃ (X = 0.05 to 0.20 at step of 0.05) is synthesized by solid-state reaction method. Present study focuses on effect of temperature, frequency and concentration of Neodymium on BiFeO₃ structural, dielectric, magnetic and ferroelectric properties. Crystalline nature of samples confirmed by XRD. Rietveld refinement of XRD data for Bi_1−xNd_xFeO₃ shows structural transition for X = 0.20. Dielectric study shows very high value of dielectric constant i.e. (10⁵) and shows improvement in values of dielectric constant with increasing Nd amount and observed very low value (less than 20) for dielectric loss for all the samples. Magnetic study shows low value for Retentivity and maximum for X = 0.15 (0.0386emu/gm). Performed ferroelectric analysis shows that P_r has declining nature with increasing Nd concentration for all frequencies and minimum value of P_r is obtained for X = 0.15. All the properties like dielectric, magnetic and ferroelectric shows a transition in regular trend for X = 0.20.