Mitigation of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats through the modulation of hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers by nicotinamide in combination with selenium nanoparticles

Diabetic nephropathy represents a significant complication of diabetes, posing considerable challenges in its management. Nicotinamide protects insulin-secreting cells from streptozotocin in rats. This research delves into the synthesis of SeNPs with nicotinamide (Nm@SeNPs). It explores their In vitro and In vivo anti-diabetic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats and potential underlying mechanisms of action. Nm@SeNPs exhibited a significant reduction in α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and DPP-IV activities. Akt, Beclin, MAPILC3B, Atgs, and β-actin gene expression analysis were conducted using primers. In dose dependent Nm@SeNPs enhanced glucose absorption in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells in diabetic rats. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the regulation of hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and inflammatory indicators and determine whether Nm@SeNPs could mitigate streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. The findings suggest that Nm@SeNPs may serve as a safer adjunctive therapy for the treatment of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy, and associated complications.