Fe₃O₄@GO nanocomposite-based electrochemical platform for the measurement of bovine serum albumin as model protein for the clinical detection of biomolecules

Iron oxide/graphene oxide-modified glassy carbon electrode (Fe₃O₄@GO/GCE) interface was fabricated by in situ wet chemical method followed by morphological and structural analysis through FESEM and TEM, for the electrochemical detection of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Electrochemical behavior of designed interface was studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and amperometry; a significant increase in BSA electrodeposition by fabricated (Fe₃O₄@GO/GCE) interface indicated an enhanced adsorptive interaction toward dispersed BSA, pertaining to its modified morphology having embedded Fe₃O₄ NPs over GO surface as shown by FESEM and TEM results. Thus, electrocatalytic potential of system was decreased as specified by reduced current flow. The electrochemical responses were linearly dependent on the BSA concentration in the range of 10^–18 -10^–1 g mL⁻¹ with the limit of detection of 0.46 × 10^–19 g mL⁻¹. It is proposed that designed interfaces can be an advantageous platform to develop biosensors because of having a high potential to detect clinically important biomolecules.