Chemical/green synthesized cobalt/copper-doped α-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles: Potential for environmental remediation

In the present investigation, Azadirachta indica (AI) leaf extract was used to create hematite nanoparticles (HNPs) with varied Co/Cu-dopant concentrations. The perspective characteristics of the synthesized samples were investigated with XRD, UV–Vis, Raman, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and VSM investigations. For HNPs with an average crystalline size of 12.52–23.93 nm, respectively, the XRD pattern showed crystalline hexagonal, corundum crystal structure, and combination of rhombohedral phases. Cauliflower/spherical-shaped morphologies were present in HNPs with a particle size range of 9.64–19.31 nm. Doped HNPs with saturation magnetization of 34.84–226.32 emu/g were found to have antiferromagnetic behavior. The methyl orange (MO) and methylene blue (MB) industrial waste dye degradation by the synthesized Co/Cu-doped HNPs under a UV/visible spectrophotometer demonstrated enhanced photocatalysis consummation, indicating that biosynthesis can be an excellent method for creating flexible and environmentally friendly products. Using a radical scavenging technique is known as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the complex's antioxidant activity was assessed.