<p>Due to its efficient energy-conversion capabilities and extensive application potential, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has garnered considerable attention in underwater environments in recent years. This article systematically examines recent research advancements in underwater TENGs, emphasizing their innovative applications in biologically integrated systems, intelligent devices, and smart networking. The primary challenges facing current technologies are discussed, along&#xa0;with potential future directions, offering insights to guide further research in this domain.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Recent progress of underwater triboelectric nanogenerators

  • Siyuan Wang,
  • Peng Xu,
  • Minyi Xu

摘要

Due to its efficient energy-conversion capabilities and extensive application potential, the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has garnered considerable attention in underwater environments in recent years. This article systematically examines recent research advancements in underwater TENGs, emphasizing their innovative applications in biologically integrated systems, intelligent devices, and smart networking. The primary challenges facing current technologies are discussed, along with potential future directions, offering insights to guide further research in this domain.

Graphical abstract