<p>The fields of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics have witnessed significant advancements with the advent of atomically thin materials such as transition-metal dichalcogenides. These materials exhibit exceptional mechanical, electrical, and optical properties, making them ideal candidates for innovative applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. This article explores the fundamental principles of piezotronics and piezo-phototronics in atomically thin materials. It delves into the mechanisms by which strain-induced piezoelectric effects in these materials can be harnessed to modulate electronic and optoelectronic functionalities. In addition, this article reviews recent experimental and theoretical progress, highlighting the key applications in sensors, transistors, and flexible electronics. The integration of these advanced materials into piezotronic and piezo-phototronic devices presents a promising pathway for the development of next-generation technologies with enhanced performances and new capabilities.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>