Piezo-phototronics and integrated optoelectronic devices

Optoelectronic devices are crucial in semiconductor technology, driving advancements in optical communication, energy harvesting, lighting, displays, and intelligent sensing. The piezo-phototronic effect, discovered in 2010, integrates semiconductors, photon excitation, and piezoelectric polarization to modulate carrier transport, photoexcitation, and recombination using mechanical signals. This article highlights recent progress in piezo-phototronics theory, materials, and devices, focusing on innovative architectures such as quantum piezo-phototronic devices, brain-inspired systems, and applications in biology. It also addresses the critical challenges in material growth and device fabrication while discussing emerging applications. The piezo-phototronic effect significantly enhances the performance and functionality of optoelectronic devices, showing significant potential in renewable energy, human–machine interfaces, AI, and other fields.