Outlook on monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics

Perovskite-based tandem solar cells have emerged as a promising technology to enhance the photovoltaic (PV) energy yield, where monolithic two-terminal (2T) perovskite/silicon tandems lead the way with a recent record power-conversion efficiency of 34.6 percent. Such tandems provide a cost-effective pathway to surpass the single-junction theoretical efficiency limit of solar cells, accelerating the transition toward ubiquitous sustainable energy solutions. The last decade and a half have witnessed immense progress in the performance of perovskite solar cells, reaching now a pivotal moment toward commercialization of perovskite PV technology, particularly when combined in tandem with a market-established technology such as silicon PV. Various architectures, materials, packaging, and layouts have been explored among tandems, each with unique advantages and drawbacks determining the product’s commercial viability. Notably, monolithic 2T perovskite/silicon tandems—which are the focus of this article—have achieved remarkable progress in terms of efficiency, surpassing now III–V dual-junction tandem technology. In this article, we provide a comprehensive outlook of recent advancements in 2T monolithic perovskite/silicon tandems, delineating the rationale behind different cell designs, and elucidating the synergistic advantages and challenges associated with various changes in tandem architectures.