Commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics: Recent progress and perspectives

Perovskite-based photovoltaic technology is rapidly advancing toward becoming a commercially viable product. With power-conversion efficiencies surpassing 26%, multiyear outdoor durability assessments, and the demonstration of full-area panels up to 2 m² with multiple gigawatt-scale factories planned, the technology is showing considerable promise. However, to truly compete in the photovoltaic market and be a solution for our planet’s future energy challenges, perovskite technology must simultaneously achieve high efficiency, durability, and scalability. This article reviews recent advancements in the commercialization of perovskite technology, focusing on scalable production of efficient and durable modules, the key technical strategies the industry adopts and the challenges the industry faces in its path to realizing the technology’s potential.