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Education as Risk Factor of Mild Cognitive Impairment: The Link to the Gut Microbiome

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2024年1月23日

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  • Matthias Klee,
  • V. T. E. Aho,
  • P. May,
  • A. Heintz-Buschart,
  • Z. Landoulsi,
  • S. R. Jónsdóttir,
  • C. Pauly,
  • L. Pavelka,
  • L. Delacour,
  • A. Kaysen,
  • R. Krüger,
  • P. Wilmes,
  • A. K. Leist,
  • Geeta Acharya,
  • Gloria Aguayo,
  • Myriam Alexandre,
  • Muhammad Ali,
  • Wim Ammerlann,
  • Giuseppe Arena,
  • Michele Bassis,
  • Roxane Batutu,
  • Katy Beaumont,
  • Sibylle Béchet,
  • Guy Berchem,
  • Alexandre Bisdorff,
  • Ibrahim Boussaad,
  • David Bouvier,
  • Lorieza Castillo,
  • Gessica Contesotto,
  • Nancy De Bremaeker,
  • Brian Dewitt,
  • Nico Diederich,
  • Rene Dondelinger,
  • Nancy E Ramia,
  • Angelo Ferrari,
  • Katrin Frauenknecht,
  • Joëlle Fritz,
  • Carlos Gamio,
  • Manon Gantenbein,
  • Piotr Gawron,
  • Laura Georges,
  • Soumyabrata Ghosh,
  • Marijus Giraitis,
  • Enrico Glaab,
  • Martine Goergen,
  • Elisa Gómez De Lope,
  • Jérôme Graas,
  • Mariella Graziano,
  • Valentin Groues,
  • Anne Grünewald,
  • Gaël Hammot,
  • Anne-Marie Hanff,
  • Linda Hansen,
  • Michael Heneka,
  • Estelle Henry,
  • Margaux Henry,
  • Sylvia Herbrink,
  • Sascha Herzinger,
  • Alexander Hundt,
  • Nadine Jacoby,
  • Sonja Jónsdóttir,
  • Jochen Klucken,
  • Olga Kofanova,
  • Rejko Krüger,
  • Pauline Lambert,
  • Zied Landoulsi,
  • Roseline Lentz,
  • Laura Longhino,
  • Ana Festas Lopes,
  • Victoria Lorentz,
  • Tainá M. Marques,
  • Guilherme Marques,
  • Patricia Martins Conde,
  • Patrick May,
  • Deborah Mcintyre,
  • Chouaib Mediouni,
  • Francoise Meisch,
  • Alexia Mendibide,
  • Myriam Menster,
  • Maura Minelli,
  • Michel Mittelbronn,
  • Saïda Mtimet,
  • Maeva Munsch,
  • Romain Nati,
  • Ulf Nehrbass,
  • Sarah Nickels,
  • Beatrice Nicolai,
  • Jean-Paul Nicolay,
  • Fozia Noor,
  • Clarissa P. C. Gomes,
  • Sinthuja Pachchek,
  • Claire Pauly,
  • Laure Pauly,
  • Lukas Pavelka,
  • Magali Perquin,
  • Achilleas Pexaras,
  • Armin Rauschenberger,
  • Rajesh Rawal,
  • Dheeraj Reddy Bobbili,
  • Lucie Remark,
  • Ilsé Richard,
  • Olivia Roland,
  • Kirsten Roomp,
  • Eduardo Rosales,
  • Stefano Sapienza,
  • Venkata Satagopam,
  • Sabine Schmitz,
  • Reinhard Schneider,
  • Jens Schwamborn,
  • Raquel Severino,
  • Amir Sharify,
  • Ruxandra Soare,
  • Ekaterina Soboleva,
  • Kate Sokolowska,
  • Maud Theresine,
  • Hermann Thien,
  • Elodie Thiry,
  • Rebecca Ting Jiin Loo,
  • Johanna Trouet,
  • Olena Tsurkalenko,
  • Michel Vaillant,
  • Carlos Vega,
  • Liliana Vilas Boas,
  • Paul Wilmes,
  • Evi Wollscheid-Lengeling,
  • Gelani Zelimkhanov

摘要

Background

With differences apparent in the gut microbiome in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, and risk factors of dementia linked to alterations of the gut microbiome, the question remains if gut microbiome characteristics may mediate associations of education with MCI.

Objectives

We sought to examine potential mediation of the association of education and MCI by gut microbiome diversity or composition.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Luxembourg, the Greater Region (surrounding areas in Belgium, France, Germany).

Participants

Control participants of the Luxembourg Parkinson’s Study.

Measurements

Gut microbiome composition, ascertained with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Differential abundance, assessed across education groups (0–10, 11–16, 16+ years of education). Alpha diversity (Chao1, Shannon and inverse Simpson indices). Mediation analysis with effect decomposition was conducted with education as exposure, MCI as outcome and gut microbiome metrics as mediators.

Results

After exclusion of participants below 50, or with missing data, n=258 participants (n=58 MCI) were included (M [SD] Age=64.6 [8.3] years). Higher education (16+ years) was associated with MCI (Odds ratio natural direct effect=0.35 [95% CI 0.15–0.81]. Streptococcus and Lachnospiraceae-UCG-001 genera were more abundant in higher education.

Conclusions

Education is associated with gut microbiome composition and MCI risk without clear evidence for mediation. However, our results suggest signatures of the gut microbiome that have been identified previously in AD and MCI to be reflected in lower education and suggest education as important covariate in microbiome studies.