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<p>The article examines how Zimbabwe’s legal and ethical frameworks address data ownership, control, and sovereignty in the digital age. Using a&#xa0;doctrinal and analytical qualitative approach, it analyses key instruments such as the Cyber and Data Protection Act (2021) and the National ICT Policy (2022–2027). The analysis indicates that Zimbabwe’s framework emphasises privacy and security but lacks explicit provisions on data ownership, benefit-sharing, and enforcement capacity. This legal ambiguity arguably weakens national data sovereignty and may leave citizens with limited control over personal information, especially where foreign cloud providers are involved. The article concludes that effective data governance in Zimbabwe requires integrated legal reform, ethical accountability, and institutional support to ensure that digital transformation advances both individual rights and national sovereignty.</p>

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Data ownership and sovereignty in Zimbabwe: Legal and ethical perspectives

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Munyika Sibanda

摘要

The article examines how Zimbabwe’s legal and ethical frameworks address data ownership, control, and sovereignty in the digital age. Using a doctrinal and analytical qualitative approach, it analyses key instruments such as the Cyber and Data Protection Act (2021) and the National ICT Policy (2022–2027). The analysis indicates that Zimbabwe’s framework emphasises privacy and security but lacks explicit provisions on data ownership, benefit-sharing, and enforcement capacity. This legal ambiguity arguably weakens national data sovereignty and may leave citizens with limited control over personal information, especially where foreign cloud providers are involved. The article concludes that effective data governance in Zimbabwe requires integrated legal reform, ethical accountability, and institutional support to ensure that digital transformation advances both individual rights and national sovereignty.