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<p>The purpose of this study is to examine the achievements, challenges, and future directions of data protection in the EU between 2016 and 2025. Despite extensive studies on data protection within the EU, a&#xa0;comprehensive examination that integrates the GDPR’s achievements, ongoing challenges in the face of technological advancements, and projected future trajectories is still lacking. The review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines by assessing 43&#xa0;peer-reviewed articles sourced from Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The study highlights significant achievements, such as the GDPR’s impact, improved regulatory frameworks, greater awareness and compliance, and greater transparency and accountability. It also addresses challenges, including enforcement difficulties, technological barriers, the complexities of globalisation, and the need to balance innovation and data protection. The results suggest the necessity of flexible governance approaches that can adapt to the evolving data protection landscape. The review provides valuable insights to EU institutions, governments, multinational firms, and legal experts, offering suggestions for legislative changes and compliance strategies to enhance data protection safeguards and address emerging issues in the digital era. This review identifies theoretical and practical gaps in EU data protection research by presenting a&#xa0;novel conceptual framework for classifying achievements, challenges, and future directions.</p>

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Navigating data protection in the European Union: achievements, challenges, and future directions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月23日

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  • Fred Konneh Songa Monson,
  • Naa Adjeley Sackey

摘要

The purpose of this study is to examine the achievements, challenges, and future directions of data protection in the EU between 2016 and 2025. Despite extensive studies on data protection within the EU, a comprehensive examination that integrates the GDPR’s achievements, ongoing challenges in the face of technological advancements, and projected future trajectories is still lacking. The review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines by assessing 43 peer-reviewed articles sourced from Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The study highlights significant achievements, such as the GDPR’s impact, improved regulatory frameworks, greater awareness and compliance, and greater transparency and accountability. It also addresses challenges, including enforcement difficulties, technological barriers, the complexities of globalisation, and the need to balance innovation and data protection. The results suggest the necessity of flexible governance approaches that can adapt to the evolving data protection landscape. The review provides valuable insights to EU institutions, governments, multinational firms, and legal experts, offering suggestions for legislative changes and compliance strategies to enhance data protection safeguards and address emerging issues in the digital era. This review identifies theoretical and practical gaps in EU data protection research by presenting a novel conceptual framework for classifying achievements, challenges, and future directions.