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Background <p>This study aimed to examine the risk factors for postoperative acute exacerbation (AE) and prognosis in patients with concomitant lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (LC–IPF).</p> Patients and Methods <p>We retrospectively analyzed 382 patients with LC–IPF who underwent tumor resection. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients with and without AE. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for AE, while Cox regression was employed to assess factors influencing overall survival (OS).</p> Results <p>The median age was 69.0 years (male, 87.7%). In total, 19 (5.0%) patients developed perioperative AE, with a 30-day postoperative mortality rate of 2.9%. The median follow-up time was 424 days; 67 patients experienced tumor recurrence, whereas 23 died from IPF–AE. Patients with severe IPF (&gt; 50% of the lungs) demonstrated higher perioperative AE rates (29.4% versus 3.8%, <i>P</i> = 0.001). Patients who received prophylactic steroids demonstrated a lower perioperative AE incidence (6.8% versus 2.1%, <i>P</i> = 0.072). Univariate logistic regression revealed severe IPF and pneumonectomy as risk factors for perioperative AE, whereas prophylactic steroids was protective against AE. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that severe IPF and reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were associated with poorer OS, while prophylactic steroids had no significant impact on OS.</p> Conclusions <p>Patients with severe IPF exhibited higher rates of perioperative AE and poorer OS. Perioperative steroid use may reduce the risk of AE but has not been associated with improved long-term outcomes. These findings highlight the need for individualized perioperative strategies in this high-risk population.</p>

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Risk Factors for Postoperative Acute Exacerbations and Long-Term Survival in Patients with Concomitant Lung Cancer and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Zhaoxun Li,
  • Yingran Shen,
  • Jie Dai,
  • Kaiqi Jin,
  • Xiaogang Liu,
  • Haifeng Wang,
  • Deping Zhao,
  • Yuming Zhu,
  • Chang Chen,
  • Gening Jiang

摘要

Background

This study aimed to examine the risk factors for postoperative acute exacerbation (AE) and prognosis in patients with concomitant lung cancer and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (LC–IPF).

Patients and Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 382 patients with LC–IPF who underwent tumor resection. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were compared between patients with and without AE. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for AE, while Cox regression was employed to assess factors influencing overall survival (OS).

Results

The median age was 69.0 years (male, 87.7%). In total, 19 (5.0%) patients developed perioperative AE, with a 30-day postoperative mortality rate of 2.9%. The median follow-up time was 424 days; 67 patients experienced tumor recurrence, whereas 23 died from IPF–AE. Patients with severe IPF (> 50% of the lungs) demonstrated higher perioperative AE rates (29.4% versus 3.8%, P = 0.001). Patients who received prophylactic steroids demonstrated a lower perioperative AE incidence (6.8% versus 2.1%, P = 0.072). Univariate logistic regression revealed severe IPF and pneumonectomy as risk factors for perioperative AE, whereas prophylactic steroids was protective against AE. Multivariate Cox regression indicated that severe IPF and reduced diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) were associated with poorer OS, while prophylactic steroids had no significant impact on OS.

Conclusions

Patients with severe IPF exhibited higher rates of perioperative AE and poorer OS. Perioperative steroid use may reduce the risk of AE but has not been associated with improved long-term outcomes. These findings highlight the need for individualized perioperative strategies in this high-risk population.