Analysis of the Trends and Influencing Factors for Postoperative Cough in Patients with Esophageal Cancer Based on Patient-Reported Outcomes

Cough is a common symptom that affects patients’ recovery and quality of life after esophagectomy. This study sought to investigate trends in postoperative cough and the factors that influence cough.

A total of 208 of 225 patients were enrolled in this study. The Mandarin Chinese version of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire was administered the day before surgery and at three time points (1 week, 1 month, and 3 months) after esophagectomy to assess patient-reported outcomes.

All patients’ LCQ-MC scores after surgery were lower than presurgery (P < 0.05), with the lowest score found 1 week after esophagectomy. Factors associated with a cough 1 week after surgery included clinical stage of cancer (OR 0.782, 95% CI 0.647–0.944, P = 0.011), anastomotic position (OR 1.241, 95% CI 1.069–1.441, P = 0.005), duration of surgery (OR 0.759, 95% CI 0.577–0.998, P = 0.049), and subcarinal lymph node dissection (OR 0.682, 95% CI 0.563–0.825, P < 0.001). Factors associated with a cough one month after surgery included clinical stage (OR 0.782, 95% CI 0.650–0.940, P = 0.009), anastomotic position (OR 1.293, 95% CI 1.113–1.503, P = 0.001), and maintaining a semi-reclining position (OR 1.440, 95% CI 1.175–1.766, P < 0.001). Factors associated with a cough 3 months after surgery were clinical stage (OR 0.741, 95% CI 0.591–0.928, P = 0.009) and anastomotic position (OR 1.220, 95% CI 1.037–1.435, P = 0.016).

This study showed that the factors influencing postoperative cough differed over time following esophagectomy. These results may warrant prospective intervention to better manage patients undergoing surgery for esophageal cancer to prevent postoperative cough.