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Background <p>Cupping therapy is a traditional complementary technique that uses negative pressure (vacuum) under the skin to provide short-term relief from musculoskeletal pain. However, the scope of potential adverse effects (AEs) is substantial, and rigorously designed studies evaluating its safety and efficacy are lacking. The purpose of this study was to develop a reproducible device for pressure measurement in cupping therapy and to investigate the AEs reported by subjects following dry cupping applied to the neck.</p> Methods <p>A prospective, double-arm, double-blind study was conducted. A device was developed to maintain and measure negative pressure during dry cupping therapy. The sample was divided into two dry cupping groups with different pressures: −&#xa0;150 and −&#xa0;300&#xa0;mm of mercury (mmHg). A questionnaire formulated by the author recorded AEs during, immediately after, and 24 and 72&#xa0;h after the intervention. Female subjects between 18 and 59&#xa0;years of age who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were the population of this research. For the intervention, dry cupping therapy was applied to the neck using two pressure levels (−&#xa0;150 and −&#xa0;300&#xa0;mmHg), and AEs were reported via a standardized questionnaire administered immediately, and at 24 and 72&#xa0;h after cupping relief. A mixed-effects ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used to compare the variance between the groups.</p> Results <p>The developed device effectively maintained negative pressure during cupping therapy. Localized pain was reported in both groups during application. "Stinging" and radiating pain were also noted. At 24&#xa0;h, bruising persisted in the −&#xa0;300&#xa0;mmHg group, and headache symptoms increased in both groups. By 72&#xa0;h, AEs remained primarily in the −&#xa0;300&#xa0;mmHg group (bruising and/or pain).</p> Conclusions <p>The developed device offers a valid alternative for standardizing cupping therapy studies. Higher pressure levels appear to be associated with a greater incidence and longer duration of AEs.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Dry Cupping Therapy for Neck Pain: Monitoring for Adverse Effects

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • João Pedro Conceição,
  • Vitor Kinoshita Souza,
  • Ana Paula Pinto de Araújo,
  • Denise Dal Pont Tomazi,
  • Heloyse Uliam Kuriki,
  • Alexandre Marcio Marcolino,
  • Rafael Inácio Barbosa

摘要

Background

Cupping therapy is a traditional complementary technique that uses negative pressure (vacuum) under the skin to provide short-term relief from musculoskeletal pain. However, the scope of potential adverse effects (AEs) is substantial, and rigorously designed studies evaluating its safety and efficacy are lacking. The purpose of this study was to develop a reproducible device for pressure measurement in cupping therapy and to investigate the AEs reported by subjects following dry cupping applied to the neck.

Methods

A prospective, double-arm, double-blind study was conducted. A device was developed to maintain and measure negative pressure during dry cupping therapy. The sample was divided into two dry cupping groups with different pressures: − 150 and − 300 mm of mercury (mmHg). A questionnaire formulated by the author recorded AEs during, immediately after, and 24 and 72 h after the intervention. Female subjects between 18 and 59 years of age who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were the population of this research. For the intervention, dry cupping therapy was applied to the neck using two pressure levels (− 150 and − 300 mmHg), and AEs were reported via a standardized questionnaire administered immediately, and at 24 and 72 h after cupping relief. A mixed-effects ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used to compare the variance between the groups.

Results

The developed device effectively maintained negative pressure during cupping therapy. Localized pain was reported in both groups during application. "Stinging" and radiating pain were also noted. At 24 h, bruising persisted in the − 300 mmHg group, and headache symptoms increased in both groups. By 72 h, AEs remained primarily in the − 300 mmHg group (bruising and/or pain).

Conclusions

The developed device offers a valid alternative for standardizing cupping therapy studies. Higher pressure levels appear to be associated with a greater incidence and longer duration of AEs.

Graphical Abstract