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<p>Global food security is increasingly threatened by rapid population growth, declining arable land, and intensifying climate change. Nano-enabled agriculture offers a promising pathway to address these pressures by improving crop productivity, enhancing resource-use efficiency, and reducing environmental footprints. This review synthesizes recent advances in agricultural nanotechnology, encompassing nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, plant nanobionics, and nanosensors, and highlights their roles in improving nutrient delivery, strengthening stress resilience, enabling real-time plant and soil monitoring, and enhancing disease management.</p><p>A central focus of this review is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) with nanobiotechnology. This convergence enables predictive, data-driven design of safe, targeted, and application-specific nanomaterials (NMs) while supporting precision agriculture through intelligent decision-making. We propose a forward-looking framework that couples AI-guided, eco-friendly NMs with nanosensor networks and real-time monitoring platforms, offering a scalable and resilient strategy for sustainable agricultural intensification.</p><p>The review also provides a critical assessment of potential risks associated with nano-enabled agriculture, including nanoparticle (NP) accumulation, phytotoxic effects, and disruptions to soil microbial communities. These considerations highlight the necessity for robust safety evaluations, long-term field validation, and harmonized regulatory frameworks. Key knowledge gaps are identified, particularly in large-scale deployment, multi-season field trials, and standardized assessment protocols across diverse agroecosystems.</p><p>By balancing technological promise with environmental and ecological considerations, this review emphasizes the pivotal role of field-based studies in validating laboratory findings and ensuring real-world applicability. Overall, it presents a comprehensive roadmap for the responsible adoption of nano-enabled technologies, demonstrating their potential to enhance global food security, support sustainable farming systems, and achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 15 (Life on Land).</p>

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Harnessing nanobiotechnology for sustainable agriculture: from plant nanobionics to AI-driven precision farming

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Avnesh Kumari,
  • Jahnvi Singh,
  • Sudesh Kumar Yadav

摘要

Global food security is increasingly threatened by rapid population growth, declining arable land, and intensifying climate change. Nano-enabled agriculture offers a promising pathway to address these pressures by improving crop productivity, enhancing resource-use efficiency, and reducing environmental footprints. This review synthesizes recent advances in agricultural nanotechnology, encompassing nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, plant nanobionics, and nanosensors, and highlights their roles in improving nutrient delivery, strengthening stress resilience, enabling real-time plant and soil monitoring, and enhancing disease management.

A central focus of this review is the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) with nanobiotechnology. This convergence enables predictive, data-driven design of safe, targeted, and application-specific nanomaterials (NMs) while supporting precision agriculture through intelligent decision-making. We propose a forward-looking framework that couples AI-guided, eco-friendly NMs with nanosensor networks and real-time monitoring platforms, offering a scalable and resilient strategy for sustainable agricultural intensification.

The review also provides a critical assessment of potential risks associated with nano-enabled agriculture, including nanoparticle (NP) accumulation, phytotoxic effects, and disruptions to soil microbial communities. These considerations highlight the necessity for robust safety evaluations, long-term field validation, and harmonized regulatory frameworks. Key knowledge gaps are identified, particularly in large-scale deployment, multi-season field trials, and standardized assessment protocols across diverse agroecosystems.

By balancing technological promise with environmental and ecological considerations, this review emphasizes the pivotal role of field-based studies in validating laboratory findings and ensuring real-world applicability. Overall, it presents a comprehensive roadmap for the responsible adoption of nano-enabled technologies, demonstrating their potential to enhance global food security, support sustainable farming systems, and achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 15 (Life on Land).