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<p>Monoculture, defined as the continuous cultivation of a single crop in the same soil, is a widespread agricultural practice with important implications for soil microbiomes, which influence nutrient availability and plant health. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of industrial hemp monoculture on soil microbial composition and diversity in Ukraine, comparing fertilized and non-fertilized conditions. A nearby field under a different cropping system was used as a reference. Microbial community composition differed across treatments, with shifts in both bacterial and fungal assemblages associated with long-term monoculture conditions. Non-fertilized soils showed distinct community profiles, consistent with long-term selection under nutrient-limited conditions. Notably, members of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and fungi within Mortierellomycota were more abundant in non-fertilized soils. In contrast, fertilized plots exhibited higher relative abundance of genera such as <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> and <i>Pseudomonas</i>, which have been associated with nutrient cycling in other systems. Comparisons with the a nearby field under a different cropping system was used as a reference revealed clear differences in microbial community structure; however, these contrasts may reflect combined effects of crop type, management history, and legacy soil conditions rather than monoculture alone. In addition, some genera that include species reported as plant pathogens (e.g., <i>Acremonium</i>, <i>Neocamarosporium</i>, and <i>Pyrenochaeta</i>) were more abundant in monoculture plots, although taxonomic resolution does not allow definitive inference of pathogenicity. As sampling was conducted at a single time point during winter, the results represent a season-specific assessment of the soil microbiome, interpreted in the context of measured soil physicochemical properties. To our knowledge, this study provides the first long-term characterization of soil microbial communities in a hemp monoculture system maintained for more than 90&#xa0;years.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Soil microbiota of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) grown in a long-term monoculture

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Zhanna Klishchova,
  • Carlos Godinho de Abreu,
  • Hanna Laiko,
  • Oleh Primakov,
  • Serhii Mishchenko,
  • Eustáquio Souza Dias,
  • Sergiy Kyrylenko,
  • Victor Satler Pylro

摘要

Monoculture, defined as the continuous cultivation of a single crop in the same soil, is a widespread agricultural practice with important implications for soil microbiomes, which influence nutrient availability and plant health. In this study, we investigated the long-term effects of industrial hemp monoculture on soil microbial composition and diversity in Ukraine, comparing fertilized and non-fertilized conditions. A nearby field under a different cropping system was used as a reference. Microbial community composition differed across treatments, with shifts in both bacterial and fungal assemblages associated with long-term monoculture conditions. Non-fertilized soils showed distinct community profiles, consistent with long-term selection under nutrient-limited conditions. Notably, members of the phylum Verrucomicrobia and fungi within Mortierellomycota were more abundant in non-fertilized soils. In contrast, fertilized plots exhibited higher relative abundance of genera such as Bradyrhizobium and Pseudomonas, which have been associated with nutrient cycling in other systems. Comparisons with the a nearby field under a different cropping system was used as a reference revealed clear differences in microbial community structure; however, these contrasts may reflect combined effects of crop type, management history, and legacy soil conditions rather than monoculture alone. In addition, some genera that include species reported as plant pathogens (e.g., Acremonium, Neocamarosporium, and Pyrenochaeta) were more abundant in monoculture plots, although taxonomic resolution does not allow definitive inference of pathogenicity. As sampling was conducted at a single time point during winter, the results represent a season-specific assessment of the soil microbiome, interpreted in the context of measured soil physicochemical properties. To our knowledge, this study provides the first long-term characterization of soil microbial communities in a hemp monoculture system maintained for more than 90 years.

Graphical Abstract