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Background <p>Mobile vaccination teams (MVTs) have been deployed to improve access to COVID-19 vaccination in the community, but it remains largely uncertain how effective MVTs are at increasing uptake of COVID-19 booster vaccination, particularly in densely populated urban areas with pre-existing access to healthcare facilities. This study leveraged large-scale administrative databases to estimate the population-level effectiveness and public health impact of MVTs in increasing first and second COVID-19 booster vaccination uptake in an urbanised city-state with high population density and high pre-existing uptake of primary vaccination against COVID-19.</p> Methods <p>In this synthetic control study, we used national vaccination databases in Singapore to evaluate if MVTs deployed from 19 January 2022 to 14 January 2024 increased the number of first/second COVID-19 booster doses across 190 and 114 locations comprising 287,216 and 373,940 eligible residents, respectively. In January 2022, 84.49% of the eligible population had received their first booster dose which was rolled out on 14 September 2021; the second booster dose was rolled out on 22 April 2022. To evaluate the effectiveness of the MVT intervention, we used the synthetic control method to generate appropriate counterfactuals for intervention locations using a weighted combination of 15,200 and 9,120 corresponding sites (without MVT intervention) comprising 11,948,807 and 15,414,890 residents, for comparison of first/second COVID-19 booster uptake, respectively.</p> Results <p>MVT interventions were associated with a 24.35% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 15.00%–35.45%) and a 182.68% (95% CI: 154.60%–218.56%) increase in first and second booster uptake, respectively, with approximately 2,832 (95% CI: 1,809–3,846) first booster doses and 5,347 (95% CI: 5,017–5,687) second booster doses attributable to MVT interventions. Subgroup analysis showed that these effectiveness estimates were replicated across most subgroups (age/sex/ethnicity). Intervention effectiveness estimates were larger in subpopulations which may have challenges accessing immunisation centres.</p> Conclusions <p>MVTs increased vaccination uptake during COVID-19 endemicity by improving geographical accessibility, even in the context of a densely populated urban setting.</p>

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Effectiveness of mobile vaccination teams to increase COVID-19 booster uptake in Singapore: a population-based synthetic control study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月2日

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  • Alex J. W. Yap,
  • Luis J. Ponce,
  • Liang En Wee,
  • Borame Dickens,
  • David Chien Boon Lye,
  • Kelvin Bryan Tan,
  • Jue Tao Lim

摘要

Background

Mobile vaccination teams (MVTs) have been deployed to improve access to COVID-19 vaccination in the community, but it remains largely uncertain how effective MVTs are at increasing uptake of COVID-19 booster vaccination, particularly in densely populated urban areas with pre-existing access to healthcare facilities. This study leveraged large-scale administrative databases to estimate the population-level effectiveness and public health impact of MVTs in increasing first and second COVID-19 booster vaccination uptake in an urbanised city-state with high population density and high pre-existing uptake of primary vaccination against COVID-19.

Methods

In this synthetic control study, we used national vaccination databases in Singapore to evaluate if MVTs deployed from 19 January 2022 to 14 January 2024 increased the number of first/second COVID-19 booster doses across 190 and 114 locations comprising 287,216 and 373,940 eligible residents, respectively. In January 2022, 84.49% of the eligible population had received their first booster dose which was rolled out on 14 September 2021; the second booster dose was rolled out on 22 April 2022. To evaluate the effectiveness of the MVT intervention, we used the synthetic control method to generate appropriate counterfactuals for intervention locations using a weighted combination of 15,200 and 9,120 corresponding sites (without MVT intervention) comprising 11,948,807 and 15,414,890 residents, for comparison of first/second COVID-19 booster uptake, respectively.

Results

MVT interventions were associated with a 24.35% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 15.00%–35.45%) and a 182.68% (95% CI: 154.60%–218.56%) increase in first and second booster uptake, respectively, with approximately 2,832 (95% CI: 1,809–3,846) first booster doses and 5,347 (95% CI: 5,017–5,687) second booster doses attributable to MVT interventions. Subgroup analysis showed that these effectiveness estimates were replicated across most subgroups (age/sex/ethnicity). Intervention effectiveness estimates were larger in subpopulations which may have challenges accessing immunisation centres.

Conclusions

MVTs increased vaccination uptake during COVID-19 endemicity by improving geographical accessibility, even in the context of a densely populated urban setting.