Investigation of BZT-based PVDF polymer and Rochelle salt, a piezo materials: microcrystalline, morphological and its electrical behaviour study

Over the years, people have utilized natural resources in various ways including energy conservation, which has contributed to comfortable living. The advancement of conductive polymers depend on studying piezoelectric-rich polymer energy sources as they are affordable, environmentally friendly and electrically potent. This research focuses on synthesizing Barium Zirconate Titanate (BZT), a leading piezoelectric material and analyzing its properties. The BZT nanocomposite with a Ba (Zr_0.25Ti_0.75) O3 phase was integrated into a Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) matrix using a solvent casting method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with the micrograph depicts the 0.5–1.0 μm size of a cluster of crystals are observed in BZT materials and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the production and purity of BZT nanoparticles and their incorporation with test results of 2θ between 0º to 80º with α and β PVDF phases. Key electrical properties such as dielectric conductivity, loss and constant were evaluated across different frequencies. The 0.5 Wt.% BZT-PVDF films exhibited the highest dielectric loss about 20.0 M V/m in relation to frequency of 3 × 10⁶ Hz. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) confirmed the melting point of pure PVDF polymer films of temperature − 40 °C offering insights into the stability of conductive polymers. The addition of Rochelle salt powder increased the β-PVDF phase in PVDF, which is significant for applications in piezoelectric films for capacitors and piezo sensor manufacturing.