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<p>This review critically examines the impact of carbonaceous nanofillers and fiber hybridization on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics of polymer composites. Advanced nanofillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon black are assessed for their potential to improve strength, conductivity, and thermal stabilit<!--Query ID="Q1" Text="Please check if the article title is presented correctly." Resolved="yes"-->y. Micro and macro-scale fibers (including carbon, glass, Kevlar, and natural fibers) are examined in hybrid configurations with thermoplastic and thermoset polymer matrices. Literature published between 2000 and 2025 was identified through a structured literature search of Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and synthesized to elucidate comparative performance trends. The review highlights dispersion strategies, interfacial engineering, and surface modification techniques that influence filler-matrix and fiber-matrix interactions, particularly emphasizing synergistic reinforcement mechanisms such as multi-scale interactions via crack-bridging by fibers and crack-deflection by nanofillers, along with the essential function of the interphase region in effective load transfer. Comparative analyses across reported studies demo<!--Query ID="Q2" Text="Please check if affiliations are captured correctly." Resolved="yes"-->nstrate substantia<!--Query ID="Q3" Text="As per standard instruction, country is required for affiliations; however, this information is missing in affiliation [2]. Please check if the provided country is correct and amend if necessary. " Resolved="yes"-->l improvements in tensile strength, flexural modulus, and thermal and electrical conductivity, often exceeding predictions based on the rule of mixtures. However, challenges remain in controlling nanofiller dispersion, maintaining strong interfacial compatibility, achieving effective hybridization, balancing multifunctional properties without performance trade-offs, ensuring scalable processing, and improving recyclability. The review integrates mechanistic insights and design methods to enlighten the development of high-performance, multifunctional polymer composites for aerospace, automotive, electron<!--Query ID="Q4" Text="Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately." Resolved="yes"-->ics, and construction applications.</p>

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Carbonaceous filler and fiber hybridization for enhanced mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of polymer composites: a review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Sathiyamoorthy Margabandu,
  • Vinothkumar Harikrishnan,
  • Manuel George,
  • S Sathiyamurthy,
  • M Jahnavi,
  • E Hemadharshini,
  • B Shrilakshmi

摘要

This review critically examines the impact of carbonaceous nanofillers and fiber hybridization on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics of polymer composites. Advanced nanofillers such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon black are assessed for their potential to improve strength, conductivity, and thermal stability. Micro and macro-scale fibers (including carbon, glass, Kevlar, and natural fibers) are examined in hybrid configurations with thermoplastic and thermoset polymer matrices. Literature published between 2000 and 2025 was identified through a structured literature search of Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and synthesized to elucidate comparative performance trends. The review highlights dispersion strategies, interfacial engineering, and surface modification techniques that influence filler-matrix and fiber-matrix interactions, particularly emphasizing synergistic reinforcement mechanisms such as multi-scale interactions via crack-bridging by fibers and crack-deflection by nanofillers, along with the essential function of the interphase region in effective load transfer. Comparative analyses across reported studies demonstrate substantial improvements in tensile strength, flexural modulus, and thermal and electrical conductivity, often exceeding predictions based on the rule of mixtures. However, challenges remain in controlling nanofiller dispersion, maintaining strong interfacial compatibility, achieving effective hybridization, balancing multifunctional properties without performance trade-offs, ensuring scalable processing, and improving recyclability. The review integrates mechanistic insights and design methods to enlighten the development of high-performance, multifunctional polymer composites for aerospace, automotive, electronics, and construction applications.