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<p>This work focuses on the numerical and experimental optimization of a solar-powered air-gap membrane distillation (AGMD) system using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. The main objective is to evaluate and improve the thermal efficiency and freshwater production performance of this low-energy desalination configuration.</p><p>A hybrid methodology combining numerical modeling (via thermal simulation software) and experimental validation under real solar conditions was employed. Influential parameters such as feed-water temperature (38–83&#xa0;°C), flow rate (3–5&#xa0;L/min), air-gap width, and membrane characteristics were systematically investigated.</p><p>Results demonstrated excellent agreement between simulations and experiments, with less than 5% deviation, confirming the model reliability. The highest permeate flux reached 7.4&#xa0;kg/m²·h at 83&#xa0;°C feed temperature and 5&#xa0;L/min flow rate.</p><p>This study highlights the potential of solar–AGMD coupling as a sustainable and cost-effective desalination approach suitable for regions with high solar irradiance.</p>

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Experimental and numerical investigation of a solar-driven Air-Gap Membrane Distillation (AGMD) system for seawater desalination

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月10日

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  • Mokhless Boukhriss,
  • Mohamed Ali Maatoug,
  • Kamel Zarzoum

摘要

This work focuses on the numerical and experimental optimization of a solar-powered air-gap membrane distillation (AGMD) system using a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane. The main objective is to evaluate and improve the thermal efficiency and freshwater production performance of this low-energy desalination configuration.

A hybrid methodology combining numerical modeling (via thermal simulation software) and experimental validation under real solar conditions was employed. Influential parameters such as feed-water temperature (38–83 °C), flow rate (3–5 L/min), air-gap width, and membrane characteristics were systematically investigated.

Results demonstrated excellent agreement between simulations and experiments, with less than 5% deviation, confirming the model reliability. The highest permeate flux reached 7.4 kg/m²·h at 83 °C feed temperature and 5 L/min flow rate.

This study highlights the potential of solar–AGMD coupling as a sustainable and cost-effective desalination approach suitable for regions with high solar irradiance.