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<p><i>Olsenella uli</i> is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacillus commonly found in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract; however, it is an exceedingly rare cause of pneumonia. To our knowledge, this appears to be only the second reported case of <i>Olsenella uli</i> pulmonary infection worldwide. The patient is an elderly male with a medical history of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes, who presented with cough and fever. Imaging findings revealed pneumonia in the left lung. After initial antimicrobial therapy proved ineffective, empirical treatment was switched to meropenem combined with linezolid, and the patient subsequently improved with combined antimicrobial and heart failure management. Through anaerobic culture of pleural fluid and further identification via 16&#xa0;S rRNA gene sequencing, <i>Olsenella uli</i> was identified as the causative pathogen. This case report supports a possible pathogenic role of <i>Olsenella uli</i> in pulmonary infections and highlights the need to consider rare anaerobic pathogens in elderly patients with refractory pneumonia, and pleural fluid anaerobic culture with 16&#xa0;S rRNA sequencing is a valuable diagnostic tool.</p>

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Further evidence of Olsenella uli pulmonary infection: a rare case report and literature review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月14日

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  • Jiahui Xiang,
  • Qiu Zhong

摘要

Olsenella uli is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacillus commonly found in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract; however, it is an exceedingly rare cause of pneumonia. To our knowledge, this appears to be only the second reported case of Olsenella uli pulmonary infection worldwide. The patient is an elderly male with a medical history of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes, who presented with cough and fever. Imaging findings revealed pneumonia in the left lung. After initial antimicrobial therapy proved ineffective, empirical treatment was switched to meropenem combined with linezolid, and the patient subsequently improved with combined antimicrobial and heart failure management. Through anaerobic culture of pleural fluid and further identification via 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, Olsenella uli was identified as the causative pathogen. This case report supports a possible pathogenic role of Olsenella uli in pulmonary infections and highlights the need to consider rare anaerobic pathogens in elderly patients with refractory pneumonia, and pleural fluid anaerobic culture with 16 S rRNA sequencing is a valuable diagnostic tool.