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Background <p>Endobronchial neurofibromas are extremely rare benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, particularly as isolated lesions without systemic neurofibromatosis. They may mimic more common causes of endobronchial obstruction, including malignancy, making accurate diagnosis essential.</p> Case presentation <p>A 76-year-old man presented with productive cough, dyspnea, and anorexia for two months. He was a known case of COPD and diabetes. Imaging showed fibroparenchymal changes, cardiomegaly, bilateral pleural effusion, and emphysema. Bronchoscopy revealed a polypoid lesion in the left upper lobe bronchus with edematous mucosa on the right side. Histopathology demonstrated spindle cell proliferation with Wagner–Meissner bodies. Immunohistochemistry was positive for S100 and CD34, confirming neurofibroma.</p> Conclusion <p>Solitary endobronchial neurofibroma is an exceptionally rare entity that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endobronchial masses. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are essential for accurate diagnosis and to differentiate it from malignancy.</p>

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Isolated endobronchial neurofibroma: a rare case report of solitary endobronchial growth

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月25日

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  • Moirangthem Seilaja Devi,
  • Farhan Manzoor,
  • Sadananda Konsam

摘要

Background

Endobronchial neurofibromas are extremely rare benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, particularly as isolated lesions without systemic neurofibromatosis. They may mimic more common causes of endobronchial obstruction, including malignancy, making accurate diagnosis essential.

Case presentation

A 76-year-old man presented with productive cough, dyspnea, and anorexia for two months. He was a known case of COPD and diabetes. Imaging showed fibroparenchymal changes, cardiomegaly, bilateral pleural effusion, and emphysema. Bronchoscopy revealed a polypoid lesion in the left upper lobe bronchus with edematous mucosa on the right side. Histopathology demonstrated spindle cell proliferation with Wagner–Meissner bodies. Immunohistochemistry was positive for S100 and CD34, confirming neurofibroma.

Conclusion

Solitary endobronchial neurofibroma is an exceptionally rare entity that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of endobronchial masses. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry are essential for accurate diagnosis and to differentiate it from malignancy.