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Background <p>Frailty is prevalent in older adults and negatively affects quality of life and health. In ILD, frailty is associated with adverse outcomes, but evidence is limited. This study assesses functional status and clinical characteristics of ILD patients with frailty and identifies associated factors.</p> Methods <p>This cross-sectional study enrolled ILD patients and collected multidimensional assessment data, including demographics, clinical characteristics, anthropometric measurements, pulmonary function, physical fitness, diaphragm and cardiac ultrasound, nutritional status, psychological status and so on. The FRAIL scale was used to categorize patients into non-frail, prefrail, and frail groups. Statistical analyses were performed among the three groups, and regression models were used to identify factors associated with frailty.</p> Results <p>This study enrolled 68 ILD patients: 38 (55.9%) prefrail and 15 (22.1%) frail. No significant differences were found among groups in gender, age, or ILD types. The frail group had longer hospital stays and higher mMRC scores (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Nutritionally, they had the lowest BMI, calf circumference, and upper arm circumference (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Psychologically, the frail group had the highest PHQ-9 scores (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In scale assessments, the frail group had the highest SARC-F and lowest SF-36 scores (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The proportion with 6MWD%pred ≤ 72% was higher in the frail group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), which also had lower total SPPB scores (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In pulmonary function, the frail and prefrail groups had lower FEV<sub>1</sub> and FVC, and the frail group had lower DLCO/VA compared to the non-frail group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm ultrasound, or cardiac ultrasound indicators among the groups. Multivariate regression analysis identified mMRC, SF-36, MEP%pred, HGS, and length of hospital stay as key factors associated with FRAIL grouping. Sensitivity analysis revealed that mMRC, SF-36, and MEP%pred are significant correlates of FRAIL scale scores.</p> Conclusions <p>Frailty is relatively common in patients with ILD. Patients with ILD and frailty exhibit poorer nutritional status, muscle strength, pulmonary function, physical fitness, and quality of life. The mMRC score, SF-36 score, and MEP%pred are stable factors associated with frailty.</p>

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Impact of frailty on functional status in patients with interstitial lung disease: a cross-sectional study with multidimensional Assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月19日

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  • Jinliang Meng,
  • Geyi Wen,
  • Lun Zhang,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Rui Xu,
  • Ruiqi Wang

摘要

Background

Frailty is prevalent in older adults and negatively affects quality of life and health. In ILD, frailty is associated with adverse outcomes, but evidence is limited. This study assesses functional status and clinical characteristics of ILD patients with frailty and identifies associated factors.

Methods

This cross-sectional study enrolled ILD patients and collected multidimensional assessment data, including demographics, clinical characteristics, anthropometric measurements, pulmonary function, physical fitness, diaphragm and cardiac ultrasound, nutritional status, psychological status and so on. The FRAIL scale was used to categorize patients into non-frail, prefrail, and frail groups. Statistical analyses were performed among the three groups, and regression models were used to identify factors associated with frailty.

Results

This study enrolled 68 ILD patients: 38 (55.9%) prefrail and 15 (22.1%) frail. No significant differences were found among groups in gender, age, or ILD types. The frail group had longer hospital stays and higher mMRC scores (P < 0.05). Nutritionally, they had the lowest BMI, calf circumference, and upper arm circumference (P < 0.05). Psychologically, the frail group had the highest PHQ-9 scores (P < 0.05). In scale assessments, the frail group had the highest SARC-F and lowest SF-36 scores (P < 0.05). The proportion with 6MWD%pred ≤ 72% was higher in the frail group (P < 0.05), which also had lower total SPPB scores (P < 0.05). In pulmonary function, the frail and prefrail groups had lower FEV1 and FVC, and the frail group had lower DLCO/VA compared to the non-frail group (P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in respiratory muscle strength, diaphragm ultrasound, or cardiac ultrasound indicators among the groups. Multivariate regression analysis identified mMRC, SF-36, MEP%pred, HGS, and length of hospital stay as key factors associated with FRAIL grouping. Sensitivity analysis revealed that mMRC, SF-36, and MEP%pred are significant correlates of FRAIL scale scores.

Conclusions

Frailty is relatively common in patients with ILD. Patients with ILD and frailty exhibit poorer nutritional status, muscle strength, pulmonary function, physical fitness, and quality of life. The mMRC score, SF-36 score, and MEP%pred are stable factors associated with frailty.