An overview of neuromuscular ultrasound of important small nerves

Neuromuscular ultrasound has become an important tool in the diagnostic workup of nerve and muscle disorders. Scanning techniques, sonoanatomy, and sonographic appearance of the pathologies of the main upper and lower limb nerves have been extensively described in the literature. The nerve branches and small nerves have also been addressed but to a much lesser extent.

The aim of the article is to give an overview of neuromuscular ultrasound of important small nerves including nerve branches and other small nerves. The article provides a summary for machine settings and indications of ultrasound scanning of small nerves. It then discusses each nerve as regards the relevant anatomy, detailed scanning techniques, sonoanatomy, and common pathologies.

This article represents a practical guide for scanning important nerve branches and small nerves which can facilitate sonographic assessment of pathologies of such challenging nerves.