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Introduction <p>Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) is a global concern, affecting over 1.5&#xa0;billion people. This systematic review investigates the emerging “Gut-Inner Ear Axis” by summarizing and evaluating the causal association between specific gut bacterial taxa and SNHL risk.</p> Methods <p>This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD420251181365), conducted following PRISMA guidelines, searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Epitesmonikos for Mendelian Randomization on gut microbiota and SNHL in adults. Study quality was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tool, and findings were descriptively synthesized based on Odds Ratios (ORs).</p> Result <p>Two two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies from China (<i>N</i> = 334,733) were included, both having a low risk of bias. Nine gut bacterial taxa were causally associated with SNHL risk. Five were protective (OR &lt; 1.0): <i>Lachnospiraceae</i>, <i>Intestinimonas</i>, <i>Verrucomicrobia</i>, <i>Flavonifractor</i>, and <i>Streptococcaceae</i>. Four were risk factors (OR &gt; 1.0): <i>Eubacterium</i>, <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Porphyromonadaceae</i>, and <i>Rikenellaceae</i>. Only <i>Rikenellaceae</i> showed consistent replication as a risk factor across both studies.</p> Conclusion <p>The evidence supports a causal “Gut–Inner Ear Axis” in SNHL. Protective taxa likely function through anti-inflammatory SCFA production and barrier integrity, while risk factors may promote systemic inflammation and BLB dysfunction. High heterogeneity and low replication of taxa limit the findings, underscoring the need for future species-level research and targeted interventional trials.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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The Gut–inner ear axis in sensorineural hearing loss: evidence from Mendelian randomization studies – a systematic review

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月25日

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  • Vira Marcella Winokan,
  • Maggie Franklin Tan,
  • Yuditha Verina Tiono,
  • Regina Deviasitha Rompies,
  • Arya Marganda Simanjuntak

摘要

Introduction

Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SNHL) is a global concern, affecting over 1.5 billion people. This systematic review investigates the emerging “Gut-Inner Ear Axis” by summarizing and evaluating the causal association between specific gut bacterial taxa and SNHL risk.

Methods

This systematic review (PROSPERO: CRD420251181365), conducted following PRISMA guidelines, searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Epitesmonikos for Mendelian Randomization on gut microbiota and SNHL in adults. Study quality was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tool, and findings were descriptively synthesized based on Odds Ratios (ORs).

Result

Two two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) studies from China (N = 334,733) were included, both having a low risk of bias. Nine gut bacterial taxa were causally associated with SNHL risk. Five were protective (OR < 1.0): Lachnospiraceae, Intestinimonas, Verrucomicrobia, Flavonifractor, and Streptococcaceae. Four were risk factors (OR > 1.0): Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium, Porphyromonadaceae, and Rikenellaceae. Only Rikenellaceae showed consistent replication as a risk factor across both studies.

Conclusion

The evidence supports a causal “Gut–Inner Ear Axis” in SNHL. Protective taxa likely function through anti-inflammatory SCFA production and barrier integrity, while risk factors may promote systemic inflammation and BLB dysfunction. High heterogeneity and low replication of taxa limit the findings, underscoring the need for future species-level research and targeted interventional trials.

Graphical Abstract