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Background <p>Safranal, a pharmacologically active and potent phytochemical, may exhibit significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in an acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.</p> Objectives <p>This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of safranal, a phytochemical with known antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, in an experimentally induced model of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in rats.</p> Methods <p>A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: a healthy control group, a rhinosinusitis group induced by Staphylococcus aureus, a cefazolin-treated group, and two safranal-treated groups receiving 100&#xa0;mg/kg and 200&#xa0;mg/kg doses, respectively. Rhinosinusitis was induced by intranasal instillation of S. aureus, and treatments were administered for 7&#xa0;days. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress (SOD, MDA, GSH) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) were analysed. Gene expression levels of NF-κB, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP1 were assessed by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry for PARP1 and PARP2 was performed for histopathological evaluation.</p> Results <p>The S. aureus-induced rhinosinusitis group exhibited significant oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by decreased SOD and GSH levels, elevated MDA, and increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. Safranal treatment, particularly at the high dose (200&#xa0;mg/kg), significantly restored antioxidant levels, reduced inflammatory cytokines, and suppressed NF-κB, MMPs, and PARP1/2 expression in nasal tissues. Histopathological findings corroborated these results, showing decreased PARP1 and PARP2 immunoreactivity in safranal-treated groups.</p> Conclusion <p>This study provides compelling evidence that safranal, particularly at a high dose of 200&#xa0;mg/kg, exhibits significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in an experimental model of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. These findings suggest that safranal may be a promising plant-derived alternative for managing rhinosinusitis and reducing antibiotic dependency.</p>

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Therapeutic potential of safranal in acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: an experimental study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月7日

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  • Murat Yaşar,
  • Fatma Atalay,
  • Sedat Gökmen,
  • İrfan Çınar,
  • Fatih Öner,
  • Yusuf Aydın,
  • Musa Tatar

摘要

Background

Safranal, a pharmacologically active and potent phytochemical, may exhibit significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in an acute bacterial rhinosinusitis.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of safranal, a phytochemical with known antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, in an experimentally induced model of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis in rats.

Methods

A total of 35 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: a healthy control group, a rhinosinusitis group induced by Staphylococcus aureus, a cefazolin-treated group, and two safranal-treated groups receiving 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses, respectively. Rhinosinusitis was induced by intranasal instillation of S. aureus, and treatments were administered for 7 days. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress (SOD, MDA, GSH) and inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) were analysed. Gene expression levels of NF-κB, MMP2, MMP9, and TIMP1 were assessed by qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry for PARP1 and PARP2 was performed for histopathological evaluation.

Results

The S. aureus-induced rhinosinusitis group exhibited significant oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by decreased SOD and GSH levels, elevated MDA, and increased TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels. Safranal treatment, particularly at the high dose (200 mg/kg), significantly restored antioxidant levels, reduced inflammatory cytokines, and suppressed NF-κB, MMPs, and PARP1/2 expression in nasal tissues. Histopathological findings corroborated these results, showing decreased PARP1 and PARP2 immunoreactivity in safranal-treated groups.

Conclusion

This study provides compelling evidence that safranal, particularly at a high dose of 200 mg/kg, exhibits significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in an experimental model of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis. These findings suggest that safranal may be a promising plant-derived alternative for managing rhinosinusitis and reducing antibiotic dependency.