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Background <p>Eustachian tube plays a key role in the pathophysiology of the middle ear as well as the outcome of middle ear surgeries. It is challenging to assess its function in patients with perforated tympanic membranes since there is no gold standard test for patients with perforated tympanic membranes.</p> Aim <p>The aim of this study is to characterize the Eustachian tube patency, dilatory and mucociliary function in patients with perforated tympanic membrane using three separate tests—methylene blue, nasopharyngeal assessment, and inflation test, each focusing on a certain aspect of the Eustachian tube and correlating between the results of these tests.</p> Methods <p>An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of Suez Canal University hospitals in the period from December 2023 to September 2024. Patients 12&#xa0;years and older with perforated tympanic membranes were selected for the assessment of the Eustachian tube using three tests.</p> Results <p>Sixty-five patients with perforated tympanic membranes with mean age 30.7 ± 13.5&#xa0;years. The males were representing 27.7% and 72.3% females. 47.7% were on right ears and 52.3% were left ears. In comparing nasopharyngeal assessment to inflation test we found good correlation between the grades of dysfunction (<i>P</i>-value &lt; 0.001). The comparison between nasopharyngeal assessment and methylene blue test also showed good correlation between the results (<i>P</i>-value &lt; 0.001) and correlating between methylene blue test and inflation test showed good correlation between the results of these tests (<i>P</i>-value &lt; 0.001).</p> Conclusion <p>Our results showed good correlation between nasopharyngeal assessment, methylene blue test and inflation test, all three tests are complementary to each other, and they all need to be carried out to fully characterize the Eustachian tube function with the nasopharyngeal assessment being the most essential. In some cases, we recommend doing imaging to assess Eustachian tube pathology.</p>

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Multi-dimensional characterization of Eustachian tube function in patients with perforated tympanic membrane

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月11日

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  • Philip Emad Azmy,
  • Tarek Fouad Youssef,
  • Eman Adel Osman,
  • Yehia Mohammed Ashry

摘要

Background

Eustachian tube plays a key role in the pathophysiology of the middle ear as well as the outcome of middle ear surgeries. It is challenging to assess its function in patients with perforated tympanic membranes since there is no gold standard test for patients with perforated tympanic membranes.

Aim

The aim of this study is to characterize the Eustachian tube patency, dilatory and mucociliary function in patients with perforated tympanic membrane using three separate tests—methylene blue, nasopharyngeal assessment, and inflation test, each focusing on a certain aspect of the Eustachian tube and correlating between the results of these tests.

Methods

An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at the outpatient clinic of Suez Canal University hospitals in the period from December 2023 to September 2024. Patients 12 years and older with perforated tympanic membranes were selected for the assessment of the Eustachian tube using three tests.

Results

Sixty-five patients with perforated tympanic membranes with mean age 30.7 ± 13.5 years. The males were representing 27.7% and 72.3% females. 47.7% were on right ears and 52.3% were left ears. In comparing nasopharyngeal assessment to inflation test we found good correlation between the grades of dysfunction (P-value < 0.001). The comparison between nasopharyngeal assessment and methylene blue test also showed good correlation between the results (P-value < 0.001) and correlating between methylene blue test and inflation test showed good correlation between the results of these tests (P-value < 0.001).

Conclusion

Our results showed good correlation between nasopharyngeal assessment, methylene blue test and inflation test, all three tests are complementary to each other, and they all need to be carried out to fully characterize the Eustachian tube function with the nasopharyngeal assessment being the most essential. In some cases, we recommend doing imaging to assess Eustachian tube pathology.