Introduction <p>Tracheal resection and anastomosis represents a sophisticated surgical intervention employed in the management of diverse tracheal pathologies, encompassing congenital anomalies, traumatic injuries, and malignant neoplasms.</p> Methodology <p>This review provides an analysis of existing scholarly works pertaining to tracheal resection and anastomosis, with specific attention to the indications, surgical methodologies, and subsequent clinical outcomes.</p> Results <p>Since the 1940s, tracheal resection and anastomosis has been a well-recognized surgical intervention, with a substantial body of evidence supporting its effectiveness in addressing various tracheal disorders. This procedure entails excising a diseased or damaged segment of the trachea, followed by rejoining the remaining tracheal ends through anastomosis.</p> Discussion <p>The efficacy of tracheal resection and anastomosis hinges upon judicious patient selection, precise surgical technique, and proficient post-operative care.</p> Conclusion <p>Tracheal resection and anastomosis, particularly when augmented with the utilization of the Montgomery T-tube, continues to represent a clinically valuable approach for addressing complex tracheal stenosis, offering both immediate airway management and the potential for long-term airway reconstruction.</p>