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Background <p>One potentially fatal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is lupus nephritis (LN) which requires invasive renal biopsy for diagnosis and monitoring. Non-invasive biomarkers are needed. Galectin-3 binding protein (G3BP) has shown potential in autoimmune diseases.</p> Aim <p>The aim of the work was to evaluate serum and urinary G3BP levels as novel biomarkers in LN patients and how they relate to lab-based indicators of disease activity and renal histopathological changes.</p> Methods <p>Ninety-three participants (SLE with LN, SLE without LN, and healthy controls) in this case–control study had serum and urinary G3BP measured by ELISA; LN patients also had renal biopsies.</p> Results <p>Serum G3BP levels were significantly higher in the LN group (26.27 ± 38.23&#xa0;ng/ml) compared to SLE without LN (16.27 ± 23.07&#xa0;ng/ml) and controls (9.36 ± 12.59&#xa0;ng/ml) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Serum G3BP varied significantly across LN classes, with Class IV showing the highest levels (21 ± 6.18&#xa0;ng/ml, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Also, urinary G3BP levels were significantly higher in the LN group (38.24 ± 22.47&#xa0;ng/ml) compared to SLE without LN (24.99 ± 16.96&#xa0;ng/ml) and controls (15.73 ± 9.55&#xa0;ng/ml) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Urinary G3BP varied significantly across LN classes, with Class IV showing the highest levels (33.9 ± 4.42&#xa0;ng/ml, <i>p</i> = 0.001). Urinary G3BP correlated with serum G3BP (Rs = 0.719, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), disease duration, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR).</p> Conclusion <p>Serum and urinary G3BP levels show promise as non-invasive biomarkers for reflecting disease activity and histological severity in LN, with urinary G3BP levels demonstrating superior diagnostic performance.</p>

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Serum and urinary Galectin-3 binding protein (G3BP) as novel biomarkers in lupus nephritis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月5日

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  • Amr Mohamed Skoot,
  • Medhat Abd El Megied Ghazy,
  • Nahla Abdel El Aziz Nosair,
  • Mohamed Khaled Mohamed Abd ElAal

摘要

Background

One potentially fatal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is lupus nephritis (LN) which requires invasive renal biopsy for diagnosis and monitoring. Non-invasive biomarkers are needed. Galectin-3 binding protein (G3BP) has shown potential in autoimmune diseases.

Aim

The aim of the work was to evaluate serum and urinary G3BP levels as novel biomarkers in LN patients and how they relate to lab-based indicators of disease activity and renal histopathological changes.

Methods

Ninety-three participants (SLE with LN, SLE without LN, and healthy controls) in this case–control study had serum and urinary G3BP measured by ELISA; LN patients also had renal biopsies.

Results

Serum G3BP levels were significantly higher in the LN group (26.27 ± 38.23 ng/ml) compared to SLE without LN (16.27 ± 23.07 ng/ml) and controls (9.36 ± 12.59 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). Serum G3BP varied significantly across LN classes, with Class IV showing the highest levels (21 ± 6.18 ng/ml, p = 0.001). Also, urinary G3BP levels were significantly higher in the LN group (38.24 ± 22.47 ng/ml) compared to SLE without LN (24.99 ± 16.96 ng/ml) and controls (15.73 ± 9.55 ng/ml) (p < 0.001). Urinary G3BP varied significantly across LN classes, with Class IV showing the highest levels (33.9 ± 4.42 ng/ml, p = 0.001). Urinary G3BP correlated with serum G3BP (Rs = 0.719, p < 0.001), disease duration, and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR).

Conclusion

Serum and urinary G3BP levels show promise as non-invasive biomarkers for reflecting disease activity and histological severity in LN, with urinary G3BP levels demonstrating superior diagnostic performance.