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Background <p>Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have currently drawn attention to causing metabolic aberrations to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study aimed to study serum bisphenol-A, relative&#xa0;expressions of P16, interleukin-6, apelin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ)&#xa0;messenger ribonucleic acids and determine their association with glycemic control in T2DM patients.</p> Methods <p>A case–control study included 80 T2DM patients in addition to 80 controls. Serum bisphenol-A was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Relative quantification of P16, interleukin-6, apelin, and PPAR-γ were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p> Results <p>Serum bisphenol-A in patients with diabetes was significantly higher compared to controls (mean 94.10 ± 55.46, 57.03 ± 24.98, respectively, p &lt; 0.001) and had a significant positive correlation with glycemic parameters. There was a significant increase in relative expression of p16 (mean 10.06 ± 25.79, 1.40 ± 0.98, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and interleukin-6 in diabetic patients compared to controls (mean 6.68 ± 9.48, 1.45 ± 1.18, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There was a significant decrease in relative expressions of apelin and PPAR-γ in diabetic patients compared to controls (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and BPA was positively correlated to p16 (<i>r</i> = 0.252, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and negatively correlated with apelin (<i>r</i> = -0.180, <i>p</i> = 0.022).</p> Conclusions <p>Elevated serum bisphenol-A in T2DM patients correlates with poor glycemic control, increased inflammation (IL-6), cellular senescence (p16), and metabolic dysregulation (apelin, PPAR-γ). These findings highlight BPA as a modifiable risk factor and potential biomarker for diabetes progression.</p>

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Study of the interaction of bisphenol A with the expression of P16, interleukin-6, apelin and PPAR gamma genes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月6日

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  • Mona Hassan Fathelbab,
  • Eman M. Omar,
  • Norhan S. El-Sayed,
  • Marwa Ahmed Salah Ahmed,
  • Nada A. H. Soliman,
  • Rasha Said

摘要

Background

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals have currently drawn attention to causing metabolic aberrations to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study aimed to study serum bisphenol-A, relative expressions of P16, interleukin-6, apelin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) messenger ribonucleic acids and determine their association with glycemic control in T2DM patients.

Methods

A case–control study included 80 T2DM patients in addition to 80 controls. Serum bisphenol-A was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Relative quantification of P16, interleukin-6, apelin, and PPAR-γ were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Serum bisphenol-A in patients with diabetes was significantly higher compared to controls (mean 94.10 ± 55.46, 57.03 ± 24.98, respectively, p < 0.001) and had a significant positive correlation with glycemic parameters. There was a significant increase in relative expression of p16 (mean 10.06 ± 25.79, 1.40 ± 0.98, p < 0.001) and interleukin-6 in diabetic patients compared to controls (mean 6.68 ± 9.48, 1.45 ± 1.18, p < 0.001). There was a significant decrease in relative expressions of apelin and PPAR-γ in diabetic patients compared to controls (p < 0.001), and BPA was positively correlated to p16 (r = 0.252, p = 0.001) and negatively correlated with apelin (r = -0.180, p = 0.022).

Conclusions

Elevated serum bisphenol-A in T2DM patients correlates with poor glycemic control, increased inflammation (IL-6), cellular senescence (p16), and metabolic dysregulation (apelin, PPAR-γ). These findings highlight BPA as a modifiable risk factor and potential biomarker for diabetes progression.