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Background <p>Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread metabolic disorder characterized by poor regulation of blood glucose and resistance to insulin. Dietary strategies play a crucial role in the management of T2DM, and the Paleolithic Diet (PD), which emphasizes whole, unprocessed foods, has demonstrated potential in enhancing glycemic control and overall metabolic function. However, its comparative efficacy against standard treatments remains a subject of ongoing debate.</p> Aim <p>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Paleolithic Diet (PD) on glycemic control as the primary outcome and its impact on insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles as secondary outcomes in patients with T2DM.</p> Methods <p>A total of 100 individuals diagnosed with T2DM were recruited and allocated into two groups: the intervention group (<i>n</i> = 50), which followed the PD alongside standard therapy, and the control group (<i>n</i> = 50), which received standard therapy alone. Evaluations were conducted at baseline and three months post-intervention, focusing on glycemic parameters (fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR), lipid markers (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL), and anthropometric data (BMI, waist circumference).</p> Results <p>At baseline, both groups were comparable in demographic characteristics, diabetes duration, and laboratory measurements. After three months, the intervention group exhibited significantly better glycemic outcomes, including lower fasting glucose levels (152.45 ± 22.67 vs. 189.11 ± 21.98&#xa0;mg/dl, 95% CI: -8.99, + 13.21 <i>p</i> = 0.001), HbA1c values (6.23 ± 1.98 vs. 8.90 ± 2.11%,95% CI: -3.42,-2.42 <i>p</i> = 0.03), and HOMA-IR scores (1.64 ± 0.50 vs. 2.38 ± 0.37, 95% CI: -1.43,-0.97 <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Additionally, participants in the PD group showed marked improvements in lipid profiles, with reductions in cholesterol (149.18 ± 29.09 vs. 201.26 ± 20.11&#xa0;mg/dl, 95% CI: -98.21,-71.45 <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), triglycerides (111.54 ± 18.67 vs. 136.44 ± 34.90&#xa0;mg/dl, 95% CI: -45.21,-21.98 <i>p</i> = 0.01), and LDL (109.10 ± 21.50 vs. 134.33 ± 12.37&#xa0;mg/dl, 95% CI: -30.54,-11.48 <i>p</i> = 0.01). No notable changes in BMI or waist circumference were observed in either group.</p> Conclusion <p>This study suggests that the Paleolithic Diet (PD) may lead to improvements in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles in patients with T2DM over a three-month period. Participants following the PD showed lower fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR scores compared to the control group, as well as improvements in cholesterol and triglyceride levels.</p>

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Efficacy of paleolithic diet in control of blood glucose level in type 2 DM patients

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月23日

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  • Nagy Nageh Abdo Sous,
  • Manal El Sayed Ezz Eldeen,
  • Mohammed Abbas El-Masry,
  • Hany Ahmed Muhammed Khalil

摘要

Background

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a widespread metabolic disorder characterized by poor regulation of blood glucose and resistance to insulin. Dietary strategies play a crucial role in the management of T2DM, and the Paleolithic Diet (PD), which emphasizes whole, unprocessed foods, has demonstrated potential in enhancing glycemic control and overall metabolic function. However, its comparative efficacy against standard treatments remains a subject of ongoing debate.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Paleolithic Diet (PD) on glycemic control as the primary outcome and its impact on insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles as secondary outcomes in patients with T2DM.

Methods

A total of 100 individuals diagnosed with T2DM were recruited and allocated into two groups: the intervention group (n = 50), which followed the PD alongside standard therapy, and the control group (n = 50), which received standard therapy alone. Evaluations were conducted at baseline and three months post-intervention, focusing on glycemic parameters (fasting glucose, HbA1c, HOMA-IR), lipid markers (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL), and anthropometric data (BMI, waist circumference).

Results

At baseline, both groups were comparable in demographic characteristics, diabetes duration, and laboratory measurements. After three months, the intervention group exhibited significantly better glycemic outcomes, including lower fasting glucose levels (152.45 ± 22.67 vs. 189.11 ± 21.98 mg/dl, 95% CI: -8.99, + 13.21 p = 0.001), HbA1c values (6.23 ± 1.98 vs. 8.90 ± 2.11%,95% CI: -3.42,-2.42 p = 0.03), and HOMA-IR scores (1.64 ± 0.50 vs. 2.38 ± 0.37, 95% CI: -1.43,-0.97 p < 0.001). Additionally, participants in the PD group showed marked improvements in lipid profiles, with reductions in cholesterol (149.18 ± 29.09 vs. 201.26 ± 20.11 mg/dl, 95% CI: -98.21,-71.45 p < 0.001), triglycerides (111.54 ± 18.67 vs. 136.44 ± 34.90 mg/dl, 95% CI: -45.21,-21.98 p = 0.01), and LDL (109.10 ± 21.50 vs. 134.33 ± 12.37 mg/dl, 95% CI: -30.54,-11.48 p = 0.01). No notable changes in BMI or waist circumference were observed in either group.

Conclusion

This study suggests that the Paleolithic Diet (PD) may lead to improvements in glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and lipid profiles in patients with T2DM over a three-month period. Participants following the PD showed lower fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and HOMA-IR scores compared to the control group, as well as improvements in cholesterol and triglyceride levels.