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Background <p>Ciprofloxacin (Cpro) is a drug belonging to the fluoroquinolones class which can contribute to bacterial resistance due to its improper and overuse, and excretion in urine as unchanged. Therefore, continuous monitoring is required. In this work, voltammetric technique with pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified by manganese(II)-chrysin complex ([Mn(Chr)<sub>3</sub>]Cl<sub>2</sub>) has been developed and its performance has been compared with the unmodified PGE working electrode and UV–Vis spectrophotometric method.</p> Results <p>Both the developed and UV–Vis spectrophotometric methods were calibrated using a series of standard solutions of Cpro with increasing concentration in the range of 1–250&#xa0;µM. After calibrating the two methods, Cpro has been determined in two brands of pharmaceuticals, in urine samples, and in the presence of paracetamol. The values of dynamic range, LoD, and sensitivity for the developed method were 1–250&#xa0;µM, 0.536&#xa0;µM, and 0.148, respectively, whereas in UV–Vis spectrophotometric method the dynamic range, LoD, and sensitivity were 1–120&#xa0;µM, 0.413&#xa0;µM, and 0.025, respectively.</p> Conclusion <p>Based on slope value, dynamic range, and selectivity the developed method has better performance than UV–Vis spectrophotometric method.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Comparison of methods for detecting ciprofloxacin in pharmaceuticals and urine: UV–Vis spectrophotometry versus poly ([Mn(Chr)3]Cl2)/PGE voltammetry

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月27日

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  • Abebaw Shitahun Ayicheh,
  • Minaleshewa Atlabachew,
  • Belete Asefa Aragaw,
  • Amare Benor,
  • Bamlaku Abebaw,
  • Atakilt Abebe

摘要

Background

Ciprofloxacin (Cpro) is a drug belonging to the fluoroquinolones class which can contribute to bacterial resistance due to its improper and overuse, and excretion in urine as unchanged. Therefore, continuous monitoring is required. In this work, voltammetric technique with pencil graphite electrode (PGE) modified by manganese(II)-chrysin complex ([Mn(Chr)3]Cl2) has been developed and its performance has been compared with the unmodified PGE working electrode and UV–Vis spectrophotometric method.

Results

Both the developed and UV–Vis spectrophotometric methods were calibrated using a series of standard solutions of Cpro with increasing concentration in the range of 1–250 µM. After calibrating the two methods, Cpro has been determined in two brands of pharmaceuticals, in urine samples, and in the presence of paracetamol. The values of dynamic range, LoD, and sensitivity for the developed method were 1–250 µM, 0.536 µM, and 0.148, respectively, whereas in UV–Vis spectrophotometric method the dynamic range, LoD, and sensitivity were 1–120 µM, 0.413 µM, and 0.025, respectively.

Conclusion

Based on slope value, dynamic range, and selectivity the developed method has better performance than UV–Vis spectrophotometric method.

Graphical abstract