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Background <p>β-Caryophyllene oxide (BCPO) has wooden odor so widely used as cosmetic and food additives. It is naturally found in various spice and food plant such as basil, black pepper, clove, salvia, and indian bay leaf. It is traditionally used to treat arthritis. The present study anticipated to appraise the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of BCPO alone and in combination with methotrexate.</p> Results <p>Data from <i>in vitro</i> assays showed that BCPO exerted the highest percentage inhibition at 1600&#xa0;μg/ml. Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats treated with BCPO and its combination with methotrexate (MTX) revealed a notable restoration of body weight and reduced pain, arthritic score, oxidative stress, and hematological alterations in contrast to disease control. The histopathological examination showed that BCPO therapy decreased joint inflammation, pannus formation, and bone erosion. Biochemical studies revealed that BCPO alone and in combination not only downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-kB, and COX-2 but also increased the expression of IL-4, and IL-10.</p> Conclusion <p>It can be inferred from the finding that BCPO in combination with MTX can be effectively used to manage polyarthritis due to notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-nociceptive activities than monotherapy.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Assessment of the possible ameliorative effects of beta-caryophyllene oxide either alone or in combination with methotrexate in complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月8日

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  • Ammara Saleem,
  • Maira Javed,
  • Muhammad Furqan Akhtar,
  • Aisha Mobashar,
  • Muhammad Imran Khan

摘要

Background

β-Caryophyllene oxide (BCPO) has wooden odor so widely used as cosmetic and food additives. It is naturally found in various spice and food plant such as basil, black pepper, clove, salvia, and indian bay leaf. It is traditionally used to treat arthritis. The present study anticipated to appraise the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of BCPO alone and in combination with methotrexate.

Results

Data from in vitro assays showed that BCPO exerted the highest percentage inhibition at 1600 μg/ml. Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced arthritis in Wistar rats treated with BCPO and its combination with methotrexate (MTX) revealed a notable restoration of body weight and reduced pain, arthritic score, oxidative stress, and hematological alterations in contrast to disease control. The histopathological examination showed that BCPO therapy decreased joint inflammation, pannus formation, and bone erosion. Biochemical studies revealed that BCPO alone and in combination not only downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, NF-kB, and COX-2 but also increased the expression of IL-4, and IL-10.

Conclusion

It can be inferred from the finding that BCPO in combination with MTX can be effectively used to manage polyarthritis due to notable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-nociceptive activities than monotherapy.

Graphical abstract