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<p>In the context of Bangladesh’s rising dependence on remittances and efforts to achieve inclusive growth, this study explores how remittances promote small-scale enterprise engagement via the mediating effects of energy poverty reduction and financial inclusion. Using nationally representative Household Income and Expenditure Survey data, we employed mixed-effects binary logistic and probit regression models to quantify these relationships. The results show that remittance-receiving households are 1.75 times more likely to engage in improved small-scale enterprises, defined as self-employed or employer status, compared to non-recipients. Energy poverty, affecting 63.07% of households, significantly constrains entrepreneurial engagement, reducing the likelihood by 27%, whereas financial inclusion enhances it by 82.8%. Mediation analysis using generalized structural equation modeling reveals that energy poverty and financial inclusion jointly account for 46.46% of the total effect of remittances on small-scale enterprise participation. This indicates that nearly half of the entrepreneurial benefit of remittances operates through households’ improved capacity to access reliable energy and formal financial services, which are essential for transforming remittance income into productive business investment. This study highlights the need for integrated policy interventions that leverage remittance inflows while simultaneously enhancing energy access and financial infrastructure to strengthen small-scale entrepreneurship and foster sustainable and inclusive growth.</p>

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Remittance-induced entrepreneurship: the mediating roles of energy poverty reduction and financial inclusion

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Ashrafun Zannat Supti,
  • Shamal Chandra Karmaker,
  • Sayema Sharmin,
  • Bikash Pal,
  • Kanchan Kumar Sen,
  • Andrew J. Chapman,
  • Bidyut Baran Saha

摘要

In the context of Bangladesh’s rising dependence on remittances and efforts to achieve inclusive growth, this study explores how remittances promote small-scale enterprise engagement via the mediating effects of energy poverty reduction and financial inclusion. Using nationally representative Household Income and Expenditure Survey data, we employed mixed-effects binary logistic and probit regression models to quantify these relationships. The results show that remittance-receiving households are 1.75 times more likely to engage in improved small-scale enterprises, defined as self-employed or employer status, compared to non-recipients. Energy poverty, affecting 63.07% of households, significantly constrains entrepreneurial engagement, reducing the likelihood by 27%, whereas financial inclusion enhances it by 82.8%. Mediation analysis using generalized structural equation modeling reveals that energy poverty and financial inclusion jointly account for 46.46% of the total effect of remittances on small-scale enterprise participation. This indicates that nearly half of the entrepreneurial benefit of remittances operates through households’ improved capacity to access reliable energy and formal financial services, which are essential for transforming remittance income into productive business investment. This study highlights the need for integrated policy interventions that leverage remittance inflows while simultaneously enhancing energy access and financial infrastructure to strengthen small-scale entrepreneurship and foster sustainable and inclusive growth.