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Background and objectives <p>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint suppresses antitumor immunity in various malignancies.&#xa0;Endoglin (CD105), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is one of the transforming growth factors β (TGF-β) co-receptors. Involvement of that protein in angiogenesis of solid tumors is well documented. There is an important role of CD8 + tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in host immune defense against tumor progression. Our study aims to evaluate the expression of PD-L1, CD105 &amp;CD8 in HCC and to correlate it with the clinicopathological parameters.</p> Material and methods <p>Sixty paraffin-embedded resection HCC cases were evaluated immunohistochemically for PD-L1, CD105 &amp;CD8 expressions.</p> Results <p>Out of sixty cases studied, PD-L1 was positively expressed in 55 cases, 48.3% scoring 3, 43.3% scoring 2. Only a small subset exhibited absent (3.3%) or weak (5.0%) expression. The intra-tumoral CD8 + T-cell infiltration showed a wide distribution, with a mean value of 36.53 ± 35.45. Peri-tumoral CD8 + cell density also showed substantial variability (mean = 51.98 ± 30.58), with a median of 46.5 used as the cutoff threshold. CD105 micro vessel density, had a mean of 29.40 ± 12.83 and a median cutoff of 27.0, with moderate skewness (1.104).</p> <p>A significant positive correlation was found between intra-tumoral and peri-tumoral CD8 + T-cell infiltration (r = 0.264, <i>p</i> = 0.042). Moreover, CD8 peri-tumoral infiltration was moderately correlated with CD105 expression (r = 0.348, <i>p</i> = 0.007). However, no significant correlations were observed between PD-L1 expression and any of the investigated immune markers or clinicopathological variables, including tumor size and patient age (all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).</p> Conclusions <p>PD-L1, CD105 &amp;CD8 expression in most of the studied HCC cases may evoke the potential therapeutic combination of anti PD-L1 &amp; anti CD105 antibodies for this cancer. Immunotherapy, with recent pharmacologic achievement, is a new strategi in cancer therapy and so immunobiology of hepatocarcinogenesis is a novel trial.</p>

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PD-L1, CD8 + T-cell density, and CD105 angiogenesis: insights into the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Ebtehal Mohamed Mostafa Mahmoud,
  • Heba A. Ibrahim,
  • Eman Ahmed Abd Elmaogod,
  • Zahra ҆a Mohammed Mostafa,
  • Ahmad Mahrous Dewidar Eissa,
  • Mohamed Gamal Mohamed,
  • Abla Sayed Mahmoud

摘要

Background and objectives

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) immune checkpoint suppresses antitumor immunity in various malignancies. Endoglin (CD105), a transmembrane glycoprotein, is one of the transforming growth factors β (TGF-β) co-receptors. Involvement of that protein in angiogenesis of solid tumors is well documented. There is an important role of CD8 + tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in host immune defense against tumor progression. Our study aims to evaluate the expression of PD-L1, CD105 &CD8 in HCC and to correlate it with the clinicopathological parameters.

Material and methods

Sixty paraffin-embedded resection HCC cases were evaluated immunohistochemically for PD-L1, CD105 &CD8 expressions.

Results

Out of sixty cases studied, PD-L1 was positively expressed in 55 cases, 48.3% scoring 3, 43.3% scoring 2. Only a small subset exhibited absent (3.3%) or weak (5.0%) expression. The intra-tumoral CD8 + T-cell infiltration showed a wide distribution, with a mean value of 36.53 ± 35.45. Peri-tumoral CD8 + cell density also showed substantial variability (mean = 51.98 ± 30.58), with a median of 46.5 used as the cutoff threshold. CD105 micro vessel density, had a mean of 29.40 ± 12.83 and a median cutoff of 27.0, with moderate skewness (1.104).

A significant positive correlation was found between intra-tumoral and peri-tumoral CD8 + T-cell infiltration (r = 0.264, p = 0.042). Moreover, CD8 peri-tumoral infiltration was moderately correlated with CD105 expression (r = 0.348, p = 0.007). However, no significant correlations were observed between PD-L1 expression and any of the investigated immune markers or clinicopathological variables, including tumor size and patient age (all p > 0.05).

Conclusions

PD-L1, CD105 &CD8 expression in most of the studied HCC cases may evoke the potential therapeutic combination of anti PD-L1 & anti CD105 antibodies for this cancer. Immunotherapy, with recent pharmacologic achievement, is a new strategi in cancer therapy and so immunobiology of hepatocarcinogenesis is a novel trial.