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Background <p>The potential of nature-based interventions (NBIs) for improving mental health is gaining interest worldwide. However, the elements for successful implementation of nature therapy programs by mental health service providers have not been clearly identified. The review question was, what elements are essential to successfully implement nature therapy programs in mental health services?</p> Methods <p>The study was carried out as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Four electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO were searched to identify eligible studies. Studies were assessed for eligibility based on predefined inclusion criteria, and data were extracted in line with the review question. Two reviewers independently used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) to assess the quality of the articles.</p> Results <p>Out of 1663 articles, 38 met the inclusion criteria, with 10 found to have a high or moderate risk of bias. Sample sizes ranged from 8–781. The findings revealed that structured programs, guidance from trained multidisciplinary practitioners, and opportunities for participants to connect socially are key elements of successful implementation of nature-based therapy programs. Challenges to implementation were identified as logistical constraints, unfavourable external conditions, insufficient guidelines, and limited availability of resources.</p> Conclusion <p>This systematic review identifies essential elements of successful implementation of nature-based therapy programs in mental health services. Although implementation strategies are rarely reported, a preliminary implementation framework derived from indirect evidence offers practical guidance for NBIs design, while highlighting the need for further research on implementation processes and sustainability.</p> Trial registration <p>The protocol of this review was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), under the identification number CRD42024562262.</p>

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The essential elements for successful implementation of nature therapy programs in mental health services: a systematic review with narrative synthesis

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Zubair Ahmed Ratan,
  • Óscar Gonzalo,
  • Nicole Snowdon,
  • Juan V. Luciano,
  • Juan P. Sanabria-Mazo,
  • Carla Rodríguez-Freire,
  • Katarzyna Olcon,
  • Julaine Allan

摘要

Background

The potential of nature-based interventions (NBIs) for improving mental health is gaining interest worldwide. However, the elements for successful implementation of nature therapy programs by mental health service providers have not been clearly identified. The review question was, what elements are essential to successfully implement nature therapy programs in mental health services?

Methods

The study was carried out as per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Four electronic databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO were searched to identify eligible studies. Studies were assessed for eligibility based on predefined inclusion criteria, and data were extracted in line with the review question. Two reviewers independently used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) to assess the quality of the articles.

Results

Out of 1663 articles, 38 met the inclusion criteria, with 10 found to have a high or moderate risk of bias. Sample sizes ranged from 8–781. The findings revealed that structured programs, guidance from trained multidisciplinary practitioners, and opportunities for participants to connect socially are key elements of successful implementation of nature-based therapy programs. Challenges to implementation were identified as logistical constraints, unfavourable external conditions, insufficient guidelines, and limited availability of resources.

Conclusion

This systematic review identifies essential elements of successful implementation of nature-based therapy programs in mental health services. Although implementation strategies are rarely reported, a preliminary implementation framework derived from indirect evidence offers practical guidance for NBIs design, while highlighting the need for further research on implementation processes and sustainability.

Trial registration

The protocol of this review was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), under the identification number CRD42024562262.