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Background <p>Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant problem in children. We aim to study the current response of hospitalized children with CAP to the internationally recommended first-line antibiotics.</p> Methods <p>Our prospective study included children aged 2 months to 16 years, of both genders, with moderate-to-severe CAP requiring hospitalization. All participants underwent the routine workup, sepsis screen, chest radiographs, blood cultures, and sputum cultures. Empiric parenteral Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime was administered, and patients were assessed for their clinical response after 48–72&#xa0;h. Non-responders required escalation to broader-spectrum antimicrobials based on clinical judgement. Patients were clinically monitored during hospital stay, and outcomes were reported.</p> Results <p>Forty-four hospitalized children with CAP were included; their median age was 18.5 months (range, 11.7–42 months), and the female-to-male ratio was 1.4:1. About 16% of participants presented with pulmonary complications. Approximately 41% responded to the recommended antibiotics in a timely manner. Blood cultures were positive in 11 (25%) children, with likely contamination in 6. The non-responders had significantly longer hospital stays, frequent intensive care admissions, more common fever at day 3, and more frequent pulmonary complications as compared to the responders. All studied children were discharged after improvement, with no observed mortality.</p> Conclusion <p>Among our hospitalized children with CAP, about 60% failed to respond to cephalosporines and required escalation to broader-spectrum agents. We observed pulmonary complications in 16% of participants, with no mortality.</p>

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Community-acquired pneumonia in children post-COVID-19 era: should we reconsider the recommended management?

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月11日

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  • Ahmed Afifi,
  • Maha Osman,
  • Mahmoud Azzab,
  • Esraa Rayan,
  • Hanan Mina Fouad

摘要

Background

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant problem in children. We aim to study the current response of hospitalized children with CAP to the internationally recommended first-line antibiotics.

Methods

Our prospective study included children aged 2 months to 16 years, of both genders, with moderate-to-severe CAP requiring hospitalization. All participants underwent the routine workup, sepsis screen, chest radiographs, blood cultures, and sputum cultures. Empiric parenteral Ceftriaxone or Cefotaxime was administered, and patients were assessed for their clinical response after 48–72 h. Non-responders required escalation to broader-spectrum antimicrobials based on clinical judgement. Patients were clinically monitored during hospital stay, and outcomes were reported.

Results

Forty-four hospitalized children with CAP were included; their median age was 18.5 months (range, 11.7–42 months), and the female-to-male ratio was 1.4:1. About 16% of participants presented with pulmonary complications. Approximately 41% responded to the recommended antibiotics in a timely manner. Blood cultures were positive in 11 (25%) children, with likely contamination in 6. The non-responders had significantly longer hospital stays, frequent intensive care admissions, more common fever at day 3, and more frequent pulmonary complications as compared to the responders. All studied children were discharged after improvement, with no observed mortality.

Conclusion

Among our hospitalized children with CAP, about 60% failed to respond to cephalosporines and required escalation to broader-spectrum agents. We observed pulmonary complications in 16% of participants, with no mortality.